[SDK] Remove std::regex usage from rocprofiler-sdk library and common library (#421)

* Remove std::regex usage from rocprofiler-sdk and common library

- See https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=118408
- std::regex usage produces exceptions or segfaults when used when on applications compiled with dual ABI
- Add code restrictions workflow
  - simple workflow ensuring code restrictions (such as std::regex) are not used

* Update CHANGELOG

* Explicitly set permissions for restrictions workflow

* Fix handling of /proc/cpuinfo entries with no info

- e.g. "power_management:" (colon is last character)

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Co-authored-by: Jonathan R. Madsen <jonathanrmadsen@gmail.com>

[ROCm/rocprofiler-sdk commit: dbb2e52216]

projects/rocprofiler-sdk/.github/workflows/formatting.yml

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ on:
       - '.github/workflows/pull_*.yml'
       - '.github/workflows/linting.yml'
       - '.github/workflows/markdown_lint.yml'
+      - '*.md'
+      - '**/README.md'
 
 concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}