Update build docker container workflow, opensuse dockerfiles (#1883)

## Motivation

<!-- Explain the purpose of this PR and the goals it aims to achieve. -->

- __Reduced Code Duplication__: Version parsing logic moved from individual Dockerfiles to the central build script
- __Improved Edge Case Handling__: Better handling of ROCm versions with and without patch numbers (e.g., `6.2` vs `6.2.0`)
- __Easier Maintenance__: Future version-related changes only need to be made in one place
- __Cleaner Dockerfiles__: Simplified Dockerfiles focus on package installation rather than complex shell logic
- __Updated Platform Support__: Refreshed container matrix to reflect current platform/ROCm version combinations
- __Fix OpenSUSE Docker Generation__: OpenSUSE container generation fails due to a change to the `binutils-gold` package
- __Error Handling__: Fix bug where errors in docker image build were being masked, allowing workflow to pass anyway.


## Technical Details

<!-- Explain the changes along with any relevant GitHub links. -->
- Updated `Dockerfile.opensuse` and `Dockerfile.opensuse.ci` docker files to remove `binutils-gold`
  - Not needed since we build `binutils` with systems anyways
- Updated `rocprofiler-systems-containers.yml` to remove `pushd/popd` commands and just run the shell scripts
  - There was a silent failure observed here, which I verified in this PR before adding the fix for openSUSE
- Refactor ROCm version parsing. Move this logic to the `build-docker.sh` script to reduce duplication.
  - Fix bug that caused ROCm 7.0 to fail installation. The trailing `.0` was being trimmed.
- Fixed inconsistencies in `containers.yml` that lead to invalid ROCm-OS_VERSION combinations.
- Formatting fixes 
  - Removed trailing whitespace
  - Fix docker build warnings. Use an `=` rather than ` ` when assigning an environment variable.

projects/rocprofiler-systems/docker/Dockerfile.ubuntu

@@ -16,6 +16,11 @@ SHELL [ "/bin/bash", "-c" ]
 
 ARG EXTRA_PACKAGES=""
 ARG ROCM_VERSION="0.0"
+ARG ROCM_MAJOR=0
+ARG ROCM_MINOR=0
+ARG ROCM_PATCH=0
+ARG ROCM_VERSION_URL=0.0
+ARG ROCM_VERSN=0
 ENV PATH=${HOME}/.local/bin:${PATH}
 
 RUN apt-get update && \
@@ -33,19 +38,11 @@ RUN apt-get update && \
         python3 -m pip install --break-system-packages 'cmake==3.21' perfetto; \
     fi
 
-RUN ROCM_MAJOR=$(echo "${ROCM_VERSION}" | sed 's/\./ /g' | awk '{print $1}') && \
-    ROCM_MINOR=$(echo "${ROCM_VERSION}" | sed 's/\./ /g' | awk '{print $2}') && \
-    if [ "${ROCM_MAJOR}" != "0" ] || [ "${ROCM_MINOR}" != "0" ]; then \
+RUN if [ "${ROCM_MAJOR}" != "0" ] || [ "${ROCM_MINOR}" != "0" ]; then \
         OS_VERSION=$(grep '^VERSION_ID=' /etc/os-release | cut -d'=' -f2 | tr -d '"') && \
         OS_CODENAME=$(grep '^VERSION_CODENAME=' /etc/os-release | cut -d'=' -f2) && \
-        ROCM_PATCH=$(echo "${ROCM_VERSION}" | sed 's/\./ /g' | awk '{print $3}') && \
-        if [ -z "${ROCM_PATCH}" ] || [ "${ROCM_PATCH}" = "0" ]; then \
-            ROCM_PATCH=0 && \
-            ROCM_VERSION=$(echo "${ROCM_VERSION}" | sed 's/\.0$//') \
-        ; fi && \
-        ROCM_VERSN=$(( ("${ROCM_MAJOR}"*10000)+("${ROCM_MINOR}"*100) + ("${ROCM_PATCH}"))) && \
         AMDGPU_DEB="amdgpu-install_${ROCM_MAJOR}.${ROCM_MINOR}.${ROCM_VERSN}-1_all.deb" && \
-        wget https://repo.radeon.com/amdgpu-install/${ROCM_VERSION}/ubuntu/${OS_CODENAME}/${AMDGPU_DEB} && \
+        wget https://repo.radeon.com/amdgpu-install/${ROCM_VERSION_URL}/ubuntu/${OS_CODENAME}/${AMDGPU_DEB} && \
         apt-get install -y ./${AMDGPU_DEB} && \
         apt-get update && \
         apt-get install -y rocm-dev rccl-dev libpciaccess0 ${EXTRA_PACKAGES} && \