Rework sampling and colorized logs (#140)

## Overview

This is a significant PR which has 3 very notable characteristics:

1. Omnitrace colorizes most of it's logging
2. Completely reworked the sampling 
  - Samples now record the current instruction pointers instead of strings
    - This _dramatically_ decreases the overhead of taking a sample
  - The collection of metrics during a sample are split out into another component, enabling that data collection to be disabled -- which decreases the sampling overhead even further
  - When both `OMNITRACE_SAMPLING_CPUTIME` and `OMNITRACE_SAMPLING_REALTIME` are ON:
    - `OMNITRACE_SAMPLING_CPUTIME_FREQ` and `OMNITRACE_SAMPLING_REALTIME_FREQ` can be used to individually control the sampling frequency 
  - `OMNITRACE_SAMPLING_CPUTIME_DELAY` and `OMNITRACE_SAMPLING_REALTIME_DELAY` can be used to individually control the delay time before starting
  - Now, omnitrace does not start a real-time sampler on the main thread unless `OMNITRACE_SAMPLING_REALTIME` is ON
    - In the future, an `OMNITRACE_SAMPLING_TIDS` (and real-time, cpu-time variants) configuration variable(s) will allow you to select which threads will be sampled
3. Files produced by `omnitrace` exe -- `available-instr.txt`, `instrumented-instr.txt`, etc. -- now no longer has `-instr` suffix and are placed in `instrumentation/` subfolder, i.e. `available-instr.txt` -> instrumentation/available.txt`
  - This helped de-clutter the output folder

Most of the other edits were reorganization (e.g. internal namespace changes), cleanup, and splitting up functionality.

## Bug Fixes

There is a bug fix with respect to the HSA callbacks which disabled sampling on child threads when an HSA API call was made

## Details

- created thread_info struct for mapping different thread IDs
- reorganized file structure significantly
- added categories.hpp, concepts.hpp
- moved around name trait definitions
- moved all omnitrace components into `omnitrace::component` namespace
  - there was a lot of inconsistency b/t using `tim::component` in some places and `omnitrace::component`
  - added macros like OMNITRACE_DECLARE_COMPONENT in lieu of TIMEMORY_DECLARE_COMPONENT
- OMNITRACE_CRITICAL_TRACE_NUM_THREADS -> OMNITRACE_THREAD_POOL_SIZE
- roctracer and critical_trace use same thread pool
- critical_trace functions do not lock anymore bc of thread-local TaskGroup
- added `component::local_category_region` to support using `component::category_region` without explicitly passing in name
- removed `component::omnitrace` (unused)
- migrated KokkosP and OMPT to use `component::local_category_region`
  - removed `component::user_region` as a result
- migrated omnitrace_{push,pop}_{trace,region}_hidden to use component::category_region
  - removed `component::functors` as a result
- migrated some ppdefs
- `api::omnitrace` -> `project::omnitrace`
- `api::(...)` -> `category::(...)`
- improved recording the execution time of threads
  - migrated this functionality out of pthread_create_gotcha and into thread_info
- moved mpi_gotcha, fork_gotcha, exit_gotcha, rcclp into omnitrace::component namespace
- split backtrace up into backtrace, backtrace_metrics, backtrace_timestamp components
- sampling.cpp handles setup and post-processing that was formerly in backtrace
- updated logging to use colors
- `OMNITRACE_COLORIZED_LOG` config variable
- updated docs on JSON output from timemory
- instrumentation info in instrumentation subfolder
- added testing for KokkosP entries
- added testing for ompt entries
- add_critical_trace function defined in critical_trace.hpp
- disable push_thread_state and pop_thread_state when thread state is Disabled or Completed
- add comp::page_rss to main bundle
- thread_data supports std::optional instead of std::unique_ptr
- thread_data supports tim::identity<T> to avoid unique_ptr or optional
- tracing::record_thread_start_time()
- tracing::push_timemory and tracing::pop_timemory are templated on CategoryT
- removed anonymous namespace from omnitrace::utility
- sampling backtrace stores instruction pointers instead of strings
- component::category_region updates
  - handle disabled thread state
  - handle finalized state
  - fewer debug messages
  - invoke thread_init()
  - invoke thread_init_sampling()
  - handle push/pop count based on category
  - push/pop count only modified when used
- component::cpu_freq
- components/ensure_storage.hpp
- reworked the pthread_create replacement function
- updated parallel-overhead example to report # of times locked
- OMNITRACE_MAX_UNWIND_DEPTH build option
- update timemory submodule

[ROCm/rocprofiler-systems commit: 808ea7dfa7]

projects/rocprofiler-systems/source/lib/omnitrace/library/rocprofiler.cpp

@@ -174,10 +174,11 @@ rocm_dump_context_entry(context_entry_t* entry, rocprofiler_feature_t* features,
         rocm_check_status(rocprofiler_get_metrics(group.context));
     }
 
-    auto _evt = comp::rocm_event{ _dev_id,       _thread_id,  _queue_id,     _kernel_name,
-                                  record->begin, record->end, feature_count, features };
+    auto _evt =
+        component::rocm_event{ _dev_id,       _thread_id,  _queue_id,     _kernel_name,
+                               record->begin, record->end, feature_count, features };
 
-    comp::rocm_data()->emplace_back(_evt);
+    component::rocm_data()->emplace_back(_evt);
 }
 
 // Profiling completion handler
@@ -232,7 +233,6 @@ rocm_dispatch_callback(const rocprofiler_callback_data_t* callback_data, void* a
 unsigned
 metrics_input(unsigned _device, rocprofiler_feature_t** ret)
 {
-    // OMNITRACE_THROW("%s\n", __FUNCTION__);
     // Profiling feature objects
     auto                     _events = tim::delimit(config::get_rocm_events(), ", ;\t\n");
     std::vector<std::string> _features    = {};
@@ -275,8 +275,8 @@ metrics_input(unsigned _device, rocprofiler_feature_t** ret)
 
 struct info_data
 {
-    const AgentInfo*                    agent = nullptr;
-    std::vector<comp::rocm_info_entry>* data  = nullptr;
+    const AgentInfo*                         agent = nullptr;
+    std::vector<component::rocm_info_entry>* data  = nullptr;
 };
 
 hsa_status_t
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ info_data_callback(const rocprofiler_info_data_t info, void* arg)
             {
                 auto _sym        = JOIN("", info.metric.name, _device_qualifier_sym);
                 auto _short_desc = JOIN("", "Derived counter: ", info.metric.expr);
-                _data->emplace_back(comp::rocm_info_entry(
+                _data->emplace_back(component::rocm_info_entry(
                     true, tim::hardware_counters::api::rocm, _data->size(), 0, _sym,
                     _pysym, _short_desc, _long_desc, _units,
                     qualifier_vec_t{ _device_qualifier }));
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ info_data_callback(const rocprofiler_info_data_t info, void* arg)
                     auto _sym = JOIN("", info.metric.name, _device_qualifier_sym);
                     auto _short_desc =
                         JOIN("", info.metric.name, " on device ", _agent->dev_index);
-                    _data->emplace_back(comp::rocm_info_entry(
+                    _data->emplace_back(component::rocm_info_entry(
                         true, tim::hardware_counters::api::rocm, _data->size(), 0, _sym,
                         _pysym, _short_desc, _long_desc, _units,
                         qualifier_vec_t{ _device_qualifier }));
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ info_data_callback(const rocprofiler_info_data_t info, void* arg)
                                          _device_qualifier_sym);
                         auto _short_desc = JOIN("", info.metric.name, " instance ", i,
                                                 " on device ", _agent->dev_index);
-                        _data->emplace_back(comp::rocm_info_entry(
+                        _data->emplace_back(component::rocm_info_entry(
                             true, tim::hardware_counters::api::rocm, _data->size(), 0,
                             _sym, _pysym, _short_desc, _long_desc, _units,
                             qualifier_vec_t{ _device_qualifier, _instance_qualifier }));
@@ -348,10 +348,10 @@ info_data_callback(const rocprofiler_info_data_t info, void* arg)
     return HSA_STATUS_SUCCESS;
 }
 
-std::vector<comp::rocm_info_entry>
+std::vector<component::rocm_info_entry>
 rocm_metrics()
 {
-    std::vector<comp::rocm_info_entry> _data = {};
+    std::vector<component::rocm_info_entry> _data = {};
     try
     {
         (void) HsaRsrcFactory::Instance();
@@ -475,11 +475,11 @@ rocm_cleanup()
 
 namespace
 {
-using rocm_event         = comp::rocm_event;
-using rocm_data_t        = comp::rocm_data_t;
-using rocm_metric_type   = comp::rocm_metric_type;
-using rocm_feature_value = comp::rocm_feature_value;
-using rocm_data_tracker  = comp::rocm_data_tracker;
+using rocm_event         = component::rocm_event;
+using rocm_data_t        = component::rocm_data_t;
+using rocm_metric_type   = component::rocm_metric_type;
+using rocm_feature_value = component::rocm_feature_value;
+using rocm_data_tracker  = component::rocm_data_tracker;
 
 void
 post_process_perfetto()
@@ -496,7 +496,7 @@ post_process_perfetto()
 
     for(size_t i = 0; i < OMNITRACE_MAX_THREADS; ++i)
     {
-        auto& _v = comp::rocm_data(i);
+        auto& _v = component::rocm_data(i);
         if(_v)
         {
             _data.reserve(_data.size() + _v->size());
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ post_process_timemory()
 
     for(size_t i = 0; i < OMNITRACE_MAX_THREADS; ++i)
     {
-        auto& _v = comp::rocm_data(i);
+        auto& _v = component::rocm_data(i);
         if(_v)
         {
             _data.reserve(_data.size() + _v->size());