[rocprof-sys] Fix segfault from thread ID array overflow (#2172)

**Thread limit configuration and enforcement: **

* Added a check in `CMakeLists.txt` to ensure `ROCPROFSYS_MAX_THREADS` is at least 128, automatically setting it to 128 with a warning if a lower value is provided.
* Replaced hardcoded thread limit (`allowed_max_threads`) in `pthread_create_gotcha.cpp` with the configurable `ROCPROFSYS_MAX_THREADS` value, ensuring all runtime checks and warnings use the actual configured limit.

**Documentation improvements: **

* Updated the development guide to explain the new thread limit behavior, including how exceeding the limit is handled gracefully, how to configure it, and the build-time validation rules.

**Test updates: **

* Modified thread limit tests to use the configurable `ROCPROFSYS_MAX_THREADS` value instead of a hardcoded limit and expanded the range of tested thread values.
* Increased test timeouts to accommodate larger thread counts and ensure reliability with higher limits.

projects/rocprofiler-systems/source/lib/rocprof-sys/library/components/pthread_create_gotcha.cpp

@@ -64,9 +64,6 @@ namespace component
 {
 using bundle_t          = tim::lightweight_tuple<comp::wall_clock>;
 using category_region_t = tim::lightweight_tuple<category_region<category::pthread>>;
-// The maximum limit for the number of threads is set at 4096. declared and stored in the
-// set_storage struct's `types.hpp` file.
-constexpr size_t allowed_max_threads = 4096;
 
 namespace
 {
@@ -187,7 +184,7 @@ pthread_create_gotcha::wrapper::operator()() const
     const auto& _parent_info = thread_info::get(m_config.parent_tid, InternalTID);
     const auto& _info        = thread_info::init(m_config.offset);
     auto _sequent_value      = _info->index_data ? _info->index_data->sequent_value : -1;
-    if(static_cast<size_t>(_sequent_value) >= allowed_max_threads)
+    if(static_cast<size_t>(_sequent_value) >= ROCPROFSYS_MAX_THREADS)
     {
         static std::once_flag thread_limit_warning_flag;
         std::call_once(thread_limit_warning_flag, []() {
@@ -196,7 +193,7 @@ pthread_create_gotcha::wrapper::operator()() const
                 "[rocprof-sys][WARNING] Maximum allowed thread limit (%zu) "
                 "reached. Further thread creation and profiling will be "
                 "disabled to prevent resource exhaustion.\n",
-                allowed_max_threads);
+                static_cast<size_t>(ROCPROFSYS_MAX_THREADS));
         });
         return m_routine(m_arg);
     }