Rework sampling and colorized logs (#140)

## Overview

This is a significant PR which has 3 very notable characteristics:

1. Omnitrace colorizes most of it's logging
2. Completely reworked the sampling 
  - Samples now record the current instruction pointers instead of strings
    - This _dramatically_ decreases the overhead of taking a sample
  - The collection of metrics during a sample are split out into another component, enabling that data collection to be disabled -- which decreases the sampling overhead even further
  - When both `OMNITRACE_SAMPLING_CPUTIME` and `OMNITRACE_SAMPLING_REALTIME` are ON:
    - `OMNITRACE_SAMPLING_CPUTIME_FREQ` and `OMNITRACE_SAMPLING_REALTIME_FREQ` can be used to individually control the sampling frequency 
  - `OMNITRACE_SAMPLING_CPUTIME_DELAY` and `OMNITRACE_SAMPLING_REALTIME_DELAY` can be used to individually control the delay time before starting
  - Now, omnitrace does not start a real-time sampler on the main thread unless `OMNITRACE_SAMPLING_REALTIME` is ON
    - In the future, an `OMNITRACE_SAMPLING_TIDS` (and real-time, cpu-time variants) configuration variable(s) will allow you to select which threads will be sampled
3. Files produced by `omnitrace` exe -- `available-instr.txt`, `instrumented-instr.txt`, etc. -- now no longer has `-instr` suffix and are placed in `instrumentation/` subfolder, i.e. `available-instr.txt` -> instrumentation/available.txt`
  - This helped de-clutter the output folder

Most of the other edits were reorganization (e.g. internal namespace changes), cleanup, and splitting up functionality.

## Bug Fixes

There is a bug fix with respect to the HSA callbacks which disabled sampling on child threads when an HSA API call was made

## Details

- created thread_info struct for mapping different thread IDs
- reorganized file structure significantly
- added categories.hpp, concepts.hpp
- moved around name trait definitions
- moved all omnitrace components into `omnitrace::component` namespace
  - there was a lot of inconsistency b/t using `tim::component` in some places and `omnitrace::component`
  - added macros like OMNITRACE_DECLARE_COMPONENT in lieu of TIMEMORY_DECLARE_COMPONENT
- OMNITRACE_CRITICAL_TRACE_NUM_THREADS -> OMNITRACE_THREAD_POOL_SIZE
- roctracer and critical_trace use same thread pool
- critical_trace functions do not lock anymore bc of thread-local TaskGroup
- added `component::local_category_region` to support using `component::category_region` without explicitly passing in name
- removed `component::omnitrace` (unused)
- migrated KokkosP and OMPT to use `component::local_category_region`
  - removed `component::user_region` as a result
- migrated omnitrace_{push,pop}_{trace,region}_hidden to use component::category_region
  - removed `component::functors` as a result
- migrated some ppdefs
- `api::omnitrace` -> `project::omnitrace`
- `api::(...)` -> `category::(...)`
- improved recording the execution time of threads
  - migrated this functionality out of pthread_create_gotcha and into thread_info
- moved mpi_gotcha, fork_gotcha, exit_gotcha, rcclp into omnitrace::component namespace
- split backtrace up into backtrace, backtrace_metrics, backtrace_timestamp components
- sampling.cpp handles setup and post-processing that was formerly in backtrace
- updated logging to use colors
- `OMNITRACE_COLORIZED_LOG` config variable
- updated docs on JSON output from timemory
- instrumentation info in instrumentation subfolder
- added testing for KokkosP entries
- added testing for ompt entries
- add_critical_trace function defined in critical_trace.hpp
- disable push_thread_state and pop_thread_state when thread state is Disabled or Completed
- add comp::page_rss to main bundle
- thread_data supports std::optional instead of std::unique_ptr
- thread_data supports tim::identity<T> to avoid unique_ptr or optional
- tracing::record_thread_start_time()
- tracing::push_timemory and tracing::pop_timemory are templated on CategoryT
- removed anonymous namespace from omnitrace::utility
- sampling backtrace stores instruction pointers instead of strings
- component::category_region updates
  - handle disabled thread state
  - handle finalized state
  - fewer debug messages
  - invoke thread_init()
  - invoke thread_init_sampling()
  - handle push/pop count based on category
  - push/pop count only modified when used
- component::cpu_freq
- components/ensure_storage.hpp
- reworked the pthread_create replacement function
- updated parallel-overhead example to report # of times locked
- OMNITRACE_MAX_UNWIND_DEPTH build option
- update timemory submodule

source/lib/omnitrace/library/runtime.cpp

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 // SOFTWARE.
 
 #include "library/runtime.hpp"
-#include "library/api.hpp"
+#include "api.hpp"
 #include "library/config.hpp"
 #include "library/debug.hpp"
 #include "library/defines.hpp"
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 #include <timemory/backends/mpi.hpp>
 #include <timemory/backends/process.hpp>
 #include <timemory/backends/threading.hpp>
+#include <timemory/components/rusage/backends.hpp>
 #include <timemory/environment.hpp>
 #include <timemory/sampling/allocator.hpp>
 #include <timemory/settings.hpp>
@@ -63,21 +64,11 @@ get_cputime_signal()
     return SIGPROF;
 }
 
-std::set<int>
-get_sampling_signals(int64_t _tid)
+std::set<int> get_sampling_signals(int64_t)
 {
     auto _sigreal = get_realtime_signal();
     auto _sigprof = get_cputime_signal();
 
-    // on the main thread, typically use both real-time and cpu-time
-    // on secondary threads, typically use only cpu-time.
-
-    if(_tid < 1)
-    {
-        if(config::get_use_sampling_cputime()) return std::set<int>{ _sigreal, _sigprof };
-        return std::set<int>{ _sigreal };
-    }
-
     if(config::get_use_sampling_realtime() && config::get_use_sampling_cputime())
         return std::set<int>{ _sigreal, _sigprof };
     else if(config::get_use_sampling_realtime())
@@ -168,7 +159,8 @@ get_cpu_cid_stack_lock(int64_t _tid)
 {
     struct cpu_cid_stack_s
     {};
-    return tim::type_mutex<cpu_cid_stack_s, api::omnitrace, max_supported_threads>(_tid);
+    return tim::type_mutex<cpu_cid_stack_s, project::omnitrace, max_supported_threads>(
+        _tid);
 }
 
 namespace
@@ -183,19 +175,24 @@ setup_gotchas()
     OMNITRACE_BASIC_DEBUG(
         "Configuring gotcha wrapper around fork, MPI_Init, and MPI_Init_thread\n");
 
-    mpi_gotcha::configure();
-    exit_gotcha::configure();
-    fork_gotcha::configure();
-    pthread_gotcha::configure();
+    component::mpi_gotcha::configure();
+    component::exit_gotcha::configure();
+    component::fork_gotcha::configure();
 }
 }  // namespace
 
 std::unique_ptr<main_bundle_t>&
 get_main_bundle()
 {
-    static auto _v =
-        std::make_unique<main_bundle_t>(JOIN('/', "omnitrace/process", process::get_id()),
-                                        quirk::config<quirk::auto_start>{});
+    static auto _v = []() {
+        auto _self = RUSAGE_SELF;
+        std::swap(_self, tim::get_rusage_type());
+        auto _tmp = std::make_unique<main_bundle_t>(
+            JOIN('/', "omnitrace/process", process::get_id()),
+            quirk::config<quirk::auto_start>{});
+        std::swap(_self, tim::get_rusage_type());
+        return _tmp;
+    }();
     return _v;
 }
 
@@ -239,12 +236,16 @@ set_thread_state(ThreadState _n)
 ThreadState
 push_thread_state(ThreadState _v)
 {
+    if(get_thread_state() >= ThreadState::Completed) return get_thread_state();
+
     return get_thread_state_history().emplace_back(set_thread_state(_v));
 }
 
 ThreadState
 pop_thread_state()
 {
+    if(get_thread_state() >= ThreadState::Completed) return get_thread_state();
+
     auto& _hist = get_thread_state_history();
     if(!_hist.empty())
     {
@@ -253,5 +254,4 @@ pop_thread_state()
     }
     return get_thread_state();
 }
-
 }  // namespace omnitrace