[SDK] Remove std::regex usage from rocprofiler-sdk library and common library (#421)

* Remove std::regex usage from rocprofiler-sdk and common library

- See https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=118408
- std::regex usage produces exceptions or segfaults when used when on applications compiled with dual ABI
- Add code restrictions workflow
  - simple workflow ensuring code restrictions (such as std::regex) are not used

* Update CHANGELOG

* Explicitly set permissions for restrictions workflow

* Fix handling of /proc/cpuinfo entries with no info

- e.g. "power_management:" (colon is last character)

---------

Co-authored-by: Jonathan R. Madsen <jonathanrmadsen@gmail.com>

source/lib/rocprofiler-sdk/code_object/hsa/code_object.cpp

@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@
 #include <atomic>
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <cstdlib>
-#include <regex>
 #include <string_view>
 #include <vector>