---
myst:
  html_meta:
    "description lang=en": "AMD SMI for reliability, availability, serviceability."
    "keywords": "system, management, interface, cper, log, error, spec, ecc, afid, fault, ras"
---

# Reliability, availability, serviceability (RAS)

RAS aims to increase the robustness of a system by detecting hardware errors, recording them, and
correcting them where possible. See [Reliability, availability, serviceability (Linux
kernel)](https://docs.kernel.org/admin-guide/RAS/main.html) for more general information.

## ECC

ECC (Error-Correcting Code) is a type of memory to automatically detect errors. Correctable 1-bit
errors are handled by the ECC logic and logged by the hardware. Uncorrectable 2-bit errors can be
detected but not reliably fixed; this is a more serious event that must be reported. See [RAS Error
Count sysfs Interface](https://docs.kernel.org/gpu/amdgpu/ras.html#ras-error-count-sysfs-interface)
to learn how AMD SMI accesses error counts.

While ECC is a mechanism to handle different errors, CPER is the standard used to report that the event
occurred.

## CPER

At its core, CPER (Common Platform Error Record) is a standard format included in the [UEFI
specification](https://uefi.org/specs/UEFI/2.10/01_Introduction.html) to report errors to the
operating system. It works as a standard error report template that different hardware components
can fill out when something goes wrong. It consists of a header, one or more section descriptors --
and for each descriptor, an associated section containing error or informational data. See [CPER
(UEFI Specification)](https://uefi.org/specs/UEFI/2.10/Apx_N_Common_Platform_Error_Record.html) for
more information.

A CPER record consists of vital information for diagnostics such as:

- Error source
- Error type
- Error severity
  - 0 - Recoverable (also called non-fatal uncorrected)
  - 1 - Fatal
  - 2 - Corrected
  - 3 - Informational
- Timestamp
- Other data

A CPER record might contain an AFID in its data to help map a complex error to a more actionable service task.

## AFID

AFIDs (AMD Field ID) are unique numerical IDs associated with specific events or errors produced by
AMD Instinct accelerators. It provides a specific identifier for a known condition, which helps
facilitate root cause analysis. Each AFID is associated with category, type, and severity fields. See
[AFID Event List](https://docs.amd.com/r/en-US/AMD_Field_ID_70122_v1.0/AFID-Event-List) for more
information.

## From concept to action

AMD SMI provides tools to programmatically monitor and manage these RAS features.

:::::{tab-set}
::::{tab-item} C/C++
The AMD SMI library provides APIs to query ECC error counts and manage CPER records
(list, decode, and clear).

See [ECC information](/doxygen/docBin/html/group__tagECCInfo) and [RAS
information](/doxygen/docBin/html/group__tagRasInfo) for available APIs.
::::

::::{tab-item} Python
See related APIs:

- [](/reference/amdsmi-py-api.md#amdsmi_get_gpu_ecc_count)
- [](/reference/amdsmi-py-api.md#amdsmi_get_gpu_ecc_enabled)
- [](/reference/amdsmi-py-api.md#amdsmi_get_gpu_ecc_status)
- [](/reference/amdsmi-py-api.md#amdsmi_get_gpu_total_ecc_count)
- [](/reference/amdsmi-py-api.md#amdsmi_get_gpu_cper_entries)
- [](/reference/amdsmi-py-api.md#amdsmi_get_afids_from_cper)
- [](/reference/amdsmi-py-api.md#amdsmi_get_gpu_ras_feature_info)
- [](/reference/amdsmi-py-api.md#amdsmi_get_gpu_ras_block_features_enabled)
::::

::::{tab-item} amd-smi CLI
See [`amd-smi ras --help`](/how-to/amdsmi-cli-tool.md#amd-smi-ras) for details and available options.
```shell
amd-smi ras --help
```
::::
:::::

## Further reading

- [AMD Field ID](https://docs.amd.com/r/en-US/AMD_Field_ID_70122_v1.0/Introduction)
- [CPER (UEFI specification)](https://uefi.org/specs/UEFI/2.10/Apx_N_Common_Platform_Error_Record.html)
- [Reliability, availability, serviceability (Linux kernel)](https://docs.kernel.org/admin-guide/RAS/main.html)