/* ##############################################################################bl # MIT License # # Copyright (c) 2021 - 2023 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. All Rights Reserved. # # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy # of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal # in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights # to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell # copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is # furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: # # The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all # copies or substantial portions of the Software. # # THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR # IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE # AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER # LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, # OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE # SOFTWARE. ##############################################################################el An example to explore LDS bandwidth and bank conflicts, written by Nicholas Curtis [AMD]. */ #include "common.h" constexpr unsigned max_threads = 256; constexpr unsigned nbanks = 32; __global__ void load(int* out, int flag) { __shared__ int array[max_threads]; int index = threadIdx.x; // fake a store to the LDS array to avoid unwanted behavior if (flag) array[max_threads - index] = index; __syncthreads(); int x = array[index]; if (x == int(-1234567)) out[threadIdx.x] = x; } __global__ void conflicts(int* out, int flag) { constexpr unsigned nelements = nbanks * max_threads; __shared__ int array[nelements]; // each thread reads from the same bank int index = threadIdx.x * nbanks; // fake a store to the LDS array to avoid unwanted behavior if (flag) array[max_threads - index] = index; __syncthreads(); int x = array[index]; if (x == int(-1234567)) out[threadIdx.x] = x; } void bandwidth_demo(int N) { for (int i = 1; i <= N; ++i) load<<<1,i>>>(nullptr, 0); hipCheck(hipDeviceSynchronize()); } void conflicts_demo(int N) { for (int i = 1; i <= N; ++i) conflicts<<<1,i>>>(nullptr, 0); hipCheck(hipDeviceSynchronize()); } int main() { bandwidth_demo(max_threads); conflicts_demo(max_threads); }