// MIT License
//
// Copyright (c) 2022-2025 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
// copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
// SOFTWARE.

#include "library/components/backtrace_metrics.hpp"
#include "core/common.hpp"
#include "core/components/fwd.hpp"
#include "core/config.hpp"
#include "core/perfetto.hpp"
#include "core/trace_cache/cache_manager.hpp"
#include "core/trace_cache/cacheable.hpp"
#include "core/trace_cache/metadata_registry.hpp"
#include "library/components/ensure_storage.hpp"
#include "library/ptl.hpp"
#include "library/runtime.hpp"
#include "library/thread_info.hpp"
#include "library/tracing.hpp"

#include <functional>
#include <timemory/backends/papi.hpp>
#include <timemory/backends/threading.hpp>
#include <timemory/components/data_tracker/components.hpp>
#include <timemory/components/macros.hpp>
#include <timemory/components/papi/extern.hpp>
#include <timemory/components/papi/papi_array.hpp>
#include <timemory/components/papi/papi_vector.hpp>
#include <timemory/components/rusage/components.hpp>
#include <timemory/components/rusage/types.hpp>
#include <timemory/components/timing/backends.hpp>
#include <timemory/components/trip_count/extern.hpp>
#include <timemory/macros.hpp>
#include <timemory/math.hpp>
#include <timemory/mpl.hpp>
#include <timemory/mpl/quirks.hpp>
#include <timemory/mpl/type_traits.hpp>
#include <timemory/mpl/types.hpp>
#include <timemory/operations.hpp>
#include <timemory/storage.hpp>
#include <timemory/units.hpp>
#include <timemory/utility/backtrace.hpp>
#include <timemory/utility/demangle.hpp>
#include <timemory/utility/types.hpp>
#include <timemory/variadic.hpp>

#include "logger/debug.hpp"

#include <array>
#include <cstring>
#include <ctime>
#include <initializer_list>
#include <mutex>
#include <regex>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
#include <string_view>
#include <type_traits>
#include <vector>

#include <pthread.h>
#include <signal.h>

namespace tracing
{
using namespace ::rocprofsys::tracing;
}

namespace rocprofsys
{
namespace component
{
using hw_counters           = typename backtrace_metrics::hw_counters;
using signal_type_instances = thread_data<std::set<int>, category::sampling>;
using backtrace_metrics_init_instances =
    thread_data<backtrace_metrics, category::sampling>;
using sampler_running_instances = thread_data<bool, category::sampling>;
using papi_vector_instances     = thread_data<hw_counters, category::sampling>;
using papi_label_instances = thread_data<std::vector<std::string>, category::sampling>;

namespace
{
struct perfetto_rusage
{};

unique_ptr_t<std::vector<std::string>>&
get_papi_labels(int64_t _tid)
{
    return papi_label_instances::instance(construct_on_thread{ _tid });
}

unique_ptr_t<hw_counters>&
get_papi_vector(int64_t _tid)
{
    return papi_vector_instances::instance(construct_on_thread{ _tid });
}

unique_ptr_t<backtrace_metrics>&
get_backtrace_metrics_init(int64_t _tid)
{
    return backtrace_metrics_init_instances::instance(construct_on_thread{ _tid });
}

unique_ptr_t<bool>&
get_sampler_running(int64_t _tid)
{
    return sampler_running_instances::instance(construct_on_thread{ _tid }, false);
}
}  // namespace

std::string
backtrace_metrics::label()
{
    return "backtrace_metrics";
}

std::string
backtrace_metrics::description()
{
    return "Records sampling data";
}

std::vector<std::string>
backtrace_metrics::get_hw_counter_labels(int64_t _tid)
{
    auto& _v = get_papi_labels(_tid);
    return (_v) ? *_v : std::vector<std::string>{};
}

void
backtrace_metrics::start()
{}

void
backtrace_metrics::stop()
{}

namespace
{
template <typename... Tp>
auto
get_enabled(tim::type_list<Tp...>)
{
    constexpr size_t N  = sizeof...(Tp);
    auto             _v = std::bitset<N>{};
    size_t           _n = 0;
    (_v.set(_n++, trait::runtime_enabled<Tp>::get()), ...);
    return _v;
}

void
metadata_init_categories()
{
    static bool _is_initialized = false;
    if(_is_initialized) return;

    trace_cache::get_metadata_registry().add_string(
        trait::name<category::thread_cpu_time>::value);
    trace_cache::get_metadata_registry().add_string(
        trait::name<category::thread_peak_memory>::value);
    trace_cache::get_metadata_registry().add_string(
        trait::name<category::thread_context_switch>::value);
    trace_cache::get_metadata_registry().add_string(
        trait::name<category::thread_page_fault>::value);
    trace_cache::get_metadata_registry().add_string(
        trait::name<category::thread_hardware_counter>::value);

    _is_initialized = true;
}

template <typename Category>
void
apply_for_all_thread_names(int64_t _tid, std::function<void(const std::string&)> _apply)
{
    if constexpr(std::is_same_v<Category, category::thread_hardware_counter>)
    {
        auto _hw_cnt_labels = *get_papi_labels(_tid);
        for(auto& itr : _hw_cnt_labels)
        {
            std::string _desc = tim::papi::get_event_info(itr).short_descr;
            if(_desc.empty()) _desc = itr;
            if(get_is_continuous_integration() && _desc.empty())
            {
                throw std::runtime_error(
                    fmt::format("Empty description for {}", itr.c_str()));
            }

            std::stringstream track_name_ss;
            track_name_ss << "Thread " << _desc << " [" << _tid << "] (S)";
            _apply(track_name_ss.str());
        }
    }
    else
    {
        std::stringstream track_name_ss;
        track_name_ss << trait::name<Category>::value << " [" << _tid << "]";
        _apply(track_name_ss.str());
    }
}

template <typename Category>
void
metadata_init_tracks(int64_t _tid)
{
    const auto& t_info    = thread_info::get(_tid, SequentTID);
    auto        thread_id = static_cast<uint64_t>(t_info->index_data->system_value);

    trace_cache::get_metadata_registry().add_thread_info(
        { getppid(), getpid(), thread_id, static_cast<uint32_t>(t_info->get_start()),
          static_cast<uint32_t>(t_info->get_stop()), "{}" });

    apply_for_all_thread_names<Category>(_tid, [&](const std::string& _track_name) {
        trace_cache::get_metadata_registry().add_track({ _track_name, thread_id, "{}" });
    });
}

template <typename Category>
void
metadata_initialize_backtrace_metrics_pmc(size_t dev_id, const char* _units, int64_t _tid)
{
    constexpr size_t EVENT_CODE       = 0;
    constexpr size_t INSTANCE_ID      = 0;
    const char*      LONG_DESCRIPTION = "";
    const char*      COMPONENT        = "";
    const char*      BLOCK            = "";
    const char*      EXPRESSION       = "";
    const char*      TARGET_ARCH      = "CPU";

    apply_for_all_thread_names<Category>(_tid, [&](const std::string& _track_name) {
        trace_cache::get_metadata_registry().add_pmc_info(
            { agent_type::CPU, dev_id, TARGET_ARCH, EVENT_CODE, INSTANCE_ID, _track_name,
              trait::name<Category>::value, trait::name<Category>::description,
              LONG_DESCRIPTION, COMPONENT, _units, trace_cache::ABSOLUTE, BLOCK,
              EXPRESSION, 0, 0, "{}" });
    });
}

template <typename Category, typename Value>
void
cache_backtrace_metrics_events(const uint32_t device_id, uint64_t timestamp_ns,
                               Value value, int64_t _tid)
{
    auto _tid_name = fmt::format("[{}]", _tid);

    size_t      stack_id        = 0;
    size_t      parent_stack_id = 0;
    size_t      correlation_id  = 0;
    const auto* event_metadata  = "";
    const auto* call_stack      = "";
    const auto* line_info       = "";

    auto insert_event_and_sample = [&](const char* _track_name, double _value) {
        trace_cache::get_buffer_storage().store(trace_cache::pmc_event_with_sample{
            static_cast<size_t>(category_enum_id<Category>::value), _track_name,
            timestamp_ns, event_metadata, stack_id, parent_stack_id, correlation_id,
            call_stack, line_info, device_id, static_cast<uint8_t>(agent_type::CPU),
            _track_name, _value });
    };

    if constexpr(std::is_same_v<Category, category::thread_hardware_counter>)
    {
        const auto& hw_counters =
            static_cast<backtrace_metrics::hw_counter_data_t>(value);

        size_t idx = 0;
        apply_for_all_thread_names<Category>(_tid, [&](const std::string& _track_name) {
            if(idx < hw_counters.size())
            {
                insert_event_and_sample(_track_name.c_str(), hw_counters.at(idx));
            }
            ++idx;
        });
    }
    else
    {
        apply_for_all_thread_names<Category>(_tid, [&](const std::string& _track_name) {
            insert_event_and_sample(_track_name.c_str(), value);
        });
    }
}
}  // namespace

void
backtrace_metrics::sample(int)
{
    if(!get_enabled(type_list<category::process_sampling, backtrace_metrics>{}).all())
    {
        m_valid.reset();
        return;
    }

    m_valid = get_enabled(categories_t{});

    // return if everything is disabled
    if(!m_valid.any()) return;

    auto _cache = tim::rusage_cache{ RUSAGE_THREAD };
    m_cpu       = tim::get_clock_thread_now<int64_t, std::nano>();
    m_mem_peak  = _cache.get_peak_rss();
    m_ctx_swch  = _cache.get_num_priority_context_switch() +
                 _cache.get_num_voluntary_context_switch();
    m_page_flt = _cache.get_num_major_page_faults() + _cache.get_num_minor_page_faults();

    if constexpr(tim::trait::is_available<hw_counters>::value)
    {
        constexpr auto hw_counters_idx = tim::index_of<hw_counters, categories_t>::value;
        constexpr auto hw_category_idx =
            tim::index_of<category::thread_hardware_counter, categories_t>::value;

        auto _tid = threading::get_id();
        if(m_valid.test(hw_category_idx) && m_valid.test(hw_counters_idx))
        {
            assert(get_papi_vector(_tid).get() != nullptr);
            m_hw_counter = get_papi_vector(_tid)->record();
        }
    }
}

void
backtrace_metrics::configure(bool _setup, int64_t _tid)
{
    auto& _running    = get_sampler_running(_tid);
    bool  _is_running = (!_running) ? false : *_running;

    ensure_storage<comp::trip_count, sampling_wall_clock, sampling_cpu_clock, hw_counters,
                   sampling_percent>{}();

    if(_setup && !_is_running)
    {
        (void) get_debug_sampling();  // make sure query in sampler does not allocate
        assert(_tid == threading::get_id());

        if constexpr(tim::trait::is_available<hw_counters>::value)
        {
            perfetto_counter_track<hw_counters>::init();
            LOG_DEBUG("HW COUNTER: starting...");
            if(get_papi_vector(_tid))
            {
                get_papi_vector(_tid)->start();
                *get_papi_labels(_tid) = get_papi_vector(_tid)->get_config()->labels;
            }
        }
    }
    else if(!_setup && _is_running)
    {
        LOG_DEBUG("Destroying sampler for thread {}...", _tid);
        *_running = false;

        if constexpr(tim::trait::is_available<hw_counters>::value)
        {
            if(_tid == threading::get_id())
            {
                if(get_papi_vector(_tid)) get_papi_vector(_tid)->stop();
                LOG_DEBUG("HW COUNTER: stopped...");
            }
        }
        LOG_DEBUG("Sampler destroyed for thread {}...", _tid);
    }
}

void
backtrace_metrics::init_perfetto(int64_t _tid, valid_array_t _valid)
{
    auto _hw_cnt_labels = *get_papi_labels(_tid);
    auto _tid_name      = fmt::format("[{}]", _tid);

    if(!perfetto_counter_track<perfetto_rusage>::exists(_tid))
    {
        if(get_valid(category::thread_cpu_time{}, _valid))
            perfetto_counter_track<perfetto_rusage>::emplace(
                _tid, fmt::format("Thread CPU time {} (S)", _tid_name), "sec");
        if(get_valid(category::thread_peak_memory{}, _valid))
            perfetto_counter_track<perfetto_rusage>::emplace(
                _tid, fmt::format("Thread Peak Memory Usage {} (S)", _tid_name), "MB");
        if(get_valid(category::thread_context_switch{}, _valid))
            perfetto_counter_track<perfetto_rusage>::emplace(
                _tid, fmt::format("Thread Context Switches {} (S)", _tid_name));
        if(get_valid(category::thread_page_fault{}, _valid))
            perfetto_counter_track<perfetto_rusage>::emplace(
                _tid, fmt::format("Thread Page Faults {} (S)", _tid_name));
    }

    if(!perfetto_counter_track<hw_counters>::exists(_tid) &&
       get_valid(type_list<hw_counters>{}, _valid) &&
       get_valid(category::thread_hardware_counter{}, _valid))
    {
        for(auto& itr : _hw_cnt_labels)
        {
            std::string _desc = tim::papi::get_event_info(itr).short_descr;
            if(_desc.empty()) _desc = itr;
            if(get_is_continuous_integration() && _desc.empty())
            {
                throw std::runtime_error(
                    fmt::format("Empty description for {}", itr.c_str()));
            }
            perfetto_counter_track<hw_counters>::emplace(
                _tid, fmt::format("Thread {} {} (S)", _desc, _tid_name));
        }
    }
}

void
backtrace_metrics::fini_perfetto(int64_t _tid, valid_array_t _valid)
{
    auto        _hw_cnt_labels = *get_papi_labels(_tid);
    const auto& _thread_info   = thread_info::get(_tid, SequentTID);

    if(get_is_continuous_integration() && !_thread_info)
    {
        throw std::runtime_error(
            fmt::format("Error! missing thread info for tid={}", _tid));
    }
    if(!_thread_info) return;

    uint64_t _ts         = _thread_info->get_stop();
    uint64_t _rusage_idx = 0;

    if(get_valid(category::thread_cpu_time{}, _valid))
    {
        TRACE_COUNTER(trait::name<category::thread_cpu_time>::value,
                      perfetto_counter_track<perfetto_rusage>::at(_tid, _rusage_idx++),
                      _ts, 0);
    }

    if(get_valid(category::thread_peak_memory{}, _valid))
    {
        TRACE_COUNTER(trait::name<category::thread_peak_memory>::value,
                      perfetto_counter_track<perfetto_rusage>::at(_tid, _rusage_idx++),
                      _ts, 0);
    }

    if(get_valid(category::thread_context_switch{}, _valid))
    {
        TRACE_COUNTER(trait::name<category::thread_context_switch>::value,
                      perfetto_counter_track<perfetto_rusage>::at(_tid, _rusage_idx++),
                      _ts, 0);
    }

    if(get_valid(category::thread_page_fault{}, _valid))
    {
        TRACE_COUNTER(trait::name<category::thread_page_fault>::value,
                      perfetto_counter_track<perfetto_rusage>::at(_tid, _rusage_idx++),
                      _ts, 0);
    }

    if(get_valid(type_list<hw_counters>{}, _valid) &&
       get_valid(category::thread_hardware_counter{}, _valid))
    {
        for(size_t i = 0; i < perfetto_counter_track<hw_counters>::size(_tid); ++i)
        {
            if(i < _hw_cnt_labels.size())
            {
                TRACE_COUNTER(trait::name<category::thread_hardware_counter>::value,
                              perfetto_counter_track<hw_counters>::at(_tid, i), _ts, 0.0);
            }
        }
    }
}

void
backtrace_metrics::init_cache(int64_t _tid, valid_array_t _valid)
{
    metadata_init_categories();
    if(get_valid(category::thread_cpu_time{}, _valid))
    {
        metadata_init_tracks<category::thread_cpu_time>(_tid);
        metadata_initialize_backtrace_metrics_pmc<category::thread_cpu_time>(0, "sec",
                                                                             _tid);
    }
    if(get_valid(category::thread_peak_memory{}, _valid))
    {
        metadata_init_tracks<category::thread_peak_memory>(_tid);
        metadata_initialize_backtrace_metrics_pmc<category::thread_peak_memory>(0, "MB",
                                                                                _tid);
    }
    if(get_valid(category::thread_context_switch{}, _valid))
    {
        metadata_init_tracks<category::thread_context_switch>(_tid);
        metadata_initialize_backtrace_metrics_pmc<category::thread_context_switch>(0, "",
                                                                                   _tid);
    }
    if(get_valid(category::thread_page_fault{}, _valid))
    {
        metadata_init_tracks<category::thread_page_fault>(_tid);
        metadata_initialize_backtrace_metrics_pmc<category::thread_page_fault>(0, "",
                                                                               _tid);
    }
    if(get_valid(type_list<hw_counters>{}, _valid) &&
       get_valid(category::thread_hardware_counter{}, _valid))
    {
        metadata_init_tracks<category::thread_hardware_counter>(_tid);
        metadata_initialize_backtrace_metrics_pmc<category::thread_hardware_counter>(
            0, "", _tid);
    }
}

backtrace_metrics&
backtrace_metrics::operator-=(const backtrace_metrics& _rhs)
{
    auto& _lhs = *this;

    if(_lhs(category::thread_cpu_time{}))
    {
        _lhs.m_cpu -= _rhs.m_cpu;
    }

    if(_lhs(category::thread_peak_memory{}))
    {
        _lhs.m_mem_peak -= _rhs.m_mem_peak;
    }

    if(_lhs(category::thread_context_switch{}))
    {
        _lhs.m_ctx_swch -= _rhs.m_ctx_swch;
    }

    if(_lhs(category::thread_page_fault{}))
    {
        _lhs.m_page_flt -= _rhs.m_page_flt;
    }

    if(_lhs(type_list<hw_counters>{}) && _lhs(category::thread_hardware_counter{}))
    {
        for(size_t i = 0; i < _lhs.m_hw_counter.size(); ++i)
            _lhs.m_hw_counter.at(i) -= _rhs.m_hw_counter.at(i);
    }

    return _lhs;
}

void
backtrace_metrics::post_process_perfetto(int64_t _tid, uint64_t _ts) const
{
    uint64_t _rusage_idx = 0;

    if((*this)(category::thread_cpu_time{}))
    {
        TRACE_COUNTER(trait::name<category::thread_cpu_time>::value,
                      perfetto_counter_track<perfetto_rusage>::at(_tid, _rusage_idx++),
                      _ts, m_cpu / units::sec);
    }

    if((*this)(category::thread_peak_memory{}))
    {
        TRACE_COUNTER(trait::name<category::thread_peak_memory>::value,
                      perfetto_counter_track<perfetto_rusage>::at(_tid, _rusage_idx++),
                      _ts, m_mem_peak / units::megabyte);
    }

    if((*this)(category::thread_context_switch{}))
    {
        TRACE_COUNTER(trait::name<category::thread_context_switch>::value,
                      perfetto_counter_track<perfetto_rusage>::at(_tid, _rusage_idx++),
                      _ts, m_ctx_swch);
    }

    if((*this)(category::thread_page_fault{}))
    {
        TRACE_COUNTER(trait::name<category::thread_page_fault>::value,
                      perfetto_counter_track<perfetto_rusage>::at(_tid, _rusage_idx++),
                      _ts, m_page_flt);
    }

    if((*this)(type_list<hw_counters>{}) && (*this)(category::thread_hardware_counter{}))
    {
        for(size_t i = 0; i < perfetto_counter_track<hw_counters>::size(_tid); ++i)
        {
            if(i < m_hw_counter.size())
            {
                TRACE_COUNTER(trait::name<category::thread_hardware_counter>::value,
                              perfetto_counter_track<hw_counters>::at(_tid, i), _ts,
                              m_hw_counter.at(i));
            }
        }
    }
}

void
backtrace_metrics::cache_backtrace_data([[maybe_unused]] int64_t  _tid,
                                        [[maybe_unused]] uint64_t _ts) const
{
#if ROCPROFSYS_USE_ROCM > 0
    auto is_category_enabled = [&](const auto& _category) { return (*this)(_category); };

    if(is_category_enabled(category::thread_cpu_time{}))
    {
        cache_backtrace_metrics_events<category::thread_cpu_time, double>(
            0, _ts, m_cpu / units::sec, _tid);
    }

    if(is_category_enabled(category::thread_peak_memory{}))
    {
        cache_backtrace_metrics_events<category::thread_peak_memory, double>(
            0, _ts, m_mem_peak / units::megabyte, _tid);
    }

    if(is_category_enabled(category::thread_context_switch{}))
    {
        cache_backtrace_metrics_events<category::thread_context_switch, int64_t>(
            0, _ts, m_ctx_swch, _tid);
    }

    if(is_category_enabled(category::thread_page_fault{}))
    {
        cache_backtrace_metrics_events<category::thread_page_fault, int64_t>(
            0, _ts, m_page_flt, _tid);
    }
    if(is_category_enabled(type_list<hw_counters>{}) &&
       is_category_enabled(category::thread_hardware_counter{}))
    {
        cache_backtrace_metrics_events<category::thread_hardware_counter,
                                       hw_counter_data_t>(0, _ts, m_hw_counter, _tid);
    }
#endif
}
}  // namespace component
}  // namespace rocprofsys

ROCPROFSYS_INSTANTIATE_EXTERN_COMPONENT(
    TIMEMORY_ESC(data_tracker<double, rocprofsys::component::backtrace_wall_clock>), true,
    double)

ROCPROFSYS_INSTANTIATE_EXTERN_COMPONENT(
    TIMEMORY_ESC(data_tracker<double, rocprofsys::component::backtrace_cpu_clock>), true,
    double)

ROCPROFSYS_INSTANTIATE_EXTERN_COMPONENT(
    TIMEMORY_ESC(data_tracker<double, rocprofsys::component::backtrace_fraction>), true,
    double)

TIMEMORY_INITIALIZE_STORAGE(rocprofsys::component::backtrace_metrics)