/*************************************************************************
 * Copyright (c) 2016-2019, NVIDIA CORPORATION. All rights reserved.
 * Modifications Copyright (c) 2019-2021 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. All rights reserved.
 *
 * See LICENSE.txt for license information
 ************************************************************************/

#include "hip/hip_runtime.h"
#include "rccl_bfloat16.h"
#include "common.h"
#include <pthread.h>
#include <cstdio>
#include <getopt.h>
#include <libgen.h>

//#define DEBUG_PRINT

int test_ncclVersion = 0; // init'd with ncclGetVersion()

#if NCCL_MAJOR >= 2
  ncclDataType_t test_types[ncclNumTypes] = {
    ncclInt8, ncclUint8, ncclInt32, ncclUint32, ncclInt64, ncclUint64, ncclHalf, ncclFloat, ncclDouble
  #if RCCL_BFLOAT16 == 1
    , ncclBfloat16
  #endif
  };
  const char *test_typenames[ncclNumTypes] = {
    "int8", "uint8", "int32", "uint32", "int64", "uint64", "half", "float", "double"
  #if RCCL_BFLOAT16 == 1
    , "bfloat16"
  #endif
  };
  int test_typenum = -1;

  const char *test_opnames[] = {"sum", "prod", "max", "min", "avg", "mulsum"};
  ncclRedOp_t test_ops[] = {ncclSum, ncclProd, ncclMax, ncclMin
  #if NCCL_VERSION_CODE >= NCCL_VERSION(2,10,0)
    , ncclAvg
  #endif
  #if NCCL_VERSION_CODE >= NCCL_VERSION(2,11,0)
    , ncclNumOps // stand in for ncclRedOpCreatePreMulSum() created on-demand
  #endif
  };
  int test_opnum = -1;
#else
  ncclDataType_t test_types[ncclNumTypes] = {ncclChar, ncclInt, ncclHalf, ncclFloat, ncclDouble, ncclInt64, ncclUint64};
  const char *test_typenames[ncclNumTypes] = {"char", "int", "half", "float", "double", "int64", "uint64"};
  int test_typenum = 7;
  const char *test_opnames[] = {"sum", "prod", "max", "min"};
  ncclRedOp_t test_ops[] = {ncclSum, ncclProd, ncclMax, ncclMin};
  int test_opnum = 4;
#endif

const char *test_memorytypes[nccl_NUM_MTYPES] = {"coarse", "fine", "host", "managed"};

thread_local int is_main_thread = 0;

// Command line parameter defaults
static int nThreads = 1;
static int nGpus = 1;
static size_t minBytes = 32*1024*1024;
static size_t maxBytes = 32*1024*1024;
static size_t stepBytes = 1*1024*1024;
static size_t stepFactor = 1;
static int datacheck = 1;
static int warmup_iters = 5;
static int iters = 20;
static int agg_iters = 1;
static int ncclop = ncclSum;
static int nccltype = ncclFloat;
static int ncclroot = 0;
static int parallel_init = 0;
static int blocking_coll = 0;
static int memorytype = 0;
static int stress_cycles = 1;
static uint32_t cumask[4];
static int cudaGraphLaunches = 0;
// Report average iteration time: (0=RANK0,1=AVG,2=MIN,3=MAX)
static int average = 1;
static int numDevices = 1;
static int ranksPerGpu = 1;
static int enable_multiranks = 0;

#define NUM_BLOCKS 32

static double parsesize(const char *value) {
    long long int units;
    double size;
    char size_lit;

    int count = sscanf(value, "%lf %1s", &size, &size_lit);

    switch (count) {
    case 2:
      switch (size_lit) {
      case 'G':
      case 'g':
        units = 1024*1024*1024;
        break;
      case 'M':
      case 'm':
        units = 1024*1024;
        break;
      case 'K':
      case 'k':
        units = 1024;
        break;
      default:
        return -1.0;
      };
      break;
    case 1:
      units = 1;
      break;
    default:
      return -1.0;
    }

    return size * units;
}

static bool minReqVersion(int rmajor, int rminor, int rpatch)
{
  int version;
  int major, minor, patch, rem;
  ncclGetVersion(&version);

  if (version < 10000) {
    major = version/1000;
    rem   = version%1000;
    minor = rem/100;
    patch = rem%100;
  }
  else {
    major = version/10000;
    rem   = version%10000;
    minor = rem/100;
    patch = rem%100;
  }

  if (major < rmajor)      return false;
  else if (major > rmajor) return true;

  // major == rmajor
  if (minor < rminor)      return false;
  else if (minor > rminor) return true;

  // major == rmajor && minor == rminor
  if (patch < rpatch)      return false;

  return true;
}

double DeltaMaxValue(ncclDataType_t type) {
  switch(type) {
    case ncclHalf: return 1e-2;
#if NCCL_MAJOR >= 2 && RCCL_BFLOAT16 == 1
    case ncclBfloat16: return 1e-2;
#endif
    case ncclFloat: return 1e-5;
    case ncclDouble: return 1e-12;
    case ncclInt:
#if NCCL_MAJOR >= 2
    case ncclUint8:
    //case ncclInt32:
    case ncclUint32:
#endif
    case ncclInt64:
    case ncclUint64: return 1e-200;
  }
  return 1e-200;
}

template<typename T> __device__
double absDiff(T a, T b) {
  return fabs((double)(b - a));
}

template<> __device__
double absDiff<half>(half a, half b) {
  float x = __half2float(a);
  float y = __half2float(b);
  return fabs((double)(y-x));
}

template<typename T> __device__
float toFloat(T a) {
  return (float)a;
}
template<> __device__
float toFloat(half a) {
  return __half2float(a);
}
#if defined(RCCL_BFLOAT16)
template<> __device__
float toFloat(rccl_bfloat16 a) {
  return (float)(a);
}
#endif

template<typename T, int BSIZE> __global__
void deltaKern(void* A_, void* B_, size_t count, double* max) {
  const T* A = (const T*)A_;
  const T* B = (const T*)B_;
  __shared__ double temp[BSIZE];
  int tid = blockIdx.x*blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
  double locmax = 0.0;
  for(size_t i=tid; i<count; i+=blockDim.x*gridDim.x) {

    double delta = absDiff(A[i], B[i]);
    if( delta > locmax ) {
      locmax = delta;
#ifdef DEBUG_PRINT
      if (delta > .1) printf("Error at %ld/%ld(%p) : %f != %f\n", i, count, B+i, toFloat(A[i]), toFloat(B[i]));
#endif
    }
  }

  tid = threadIdx.x;
  temp[tid] = locmax;
  for(int stride = BSIZE/2; stride > 1; stride>>=1) {
    __syncthreads();
    if( tid < stride )
      temp[tid] = temp[tid] > temp[tid+stride] ? temp[tid] : temp[tid+stride];
  }
  __syncthreads();
  if( threadIdx.x == 0)
    max[blockIdx.x] = temp[0] > temp[1] ? temp[0] : temp[1];
}

testResult_t CheckDelta(void* results, void* expected, size_t count, ncclDataType_t type, double* devmax) {
  switch (type) {
#if NCCL_MAJOR >= 2 && RCCL_BFLOAT16 == 1
    case ncclBfloat16:
      hipLaunchKernelGGL((deltaKern<rccl_bfloat16, 512>), dim3(1), dim3(512), 0, 0, results, expected, count, devmax); break;
#endif
    case ncclHalf:
      hipLaunchKernelGGL((deltaKern<half, 512>), dim3(1), dim3(512), 0, 0, results, expected, count, devmax); break;
    case ncclFloat:
      hipLaunchKernelGGL((deltaKern<float, 512>), dim3(1), dim3(512), 0, 0, results, expected, count, devmax); break;
    case ncclDouble:
      hipLaunchKernelGGL((deltaKern<double, 512>), dim3(1), dim3(512), 0, 0, results, expected, count, devmax); break;
    case ncclChar:
#if NCCL_MAJOR >= 2
    case ncclUint8:
#endif
      hipLaunchKernelGGL((deltaKern<uint8_t, 512>), dim3(1), dim3(512), 0, 0, results, expected, count, devmax); break;
    case ncclInt:
#if NCCL_MAJOR >= 2
    case ncclUint32:
#endif
      hipLaunchKernelGGL((deltaKern<uint32_t, 512>), dim3(1), dim3(512), 0, 0, results, expected, count, devmax); break;
    case ncclInt64:
    case ncclUint64:
      hipLaunchKernelGGL((deltaKern<uint64_t, 512>), dim3(1), dim3(512), 0, 0, results, expected, count, devmax); break;
  }
  HIPCHECK(hipDeviceSynchronize());
  for (int i=1; i<NUM_BLOCKS; i++) devmax[0] = std::max(devmax[0], devmax[i]);
  return testSuccess;
}

// For integer values, we use values between 0 and 255
template<typename T>
__device__ T testValue(const size_t offset, const int rep, const int rank) {
  uint8_t v = (rep+rank+offset) % 256;
  return (T)v;
}

// For floating point datatype, we use values between 0 and 1 otherwise the
// Product operation will produce NaNs.
template<>
__device__ double testValue<double>(const size_t offset, const int rep, const int rank) {
  return 1.0/(1.0+(double)testValue<int>(offset, rep, rank));
}
template<>
__device__ float testValue<float>(const size_t offset, const int rep, const int rank) {
  return 1.0/(1.0+(float)testValue<int>(offset, rep, rank));
}
template<>
__device__ half testValue<half>(const size_t offset, const int rep, const int rank) {
  return __float2half(testValue<float>(offset, rep, rank));
}
#if NCCL_MAJOR >= 2 && RCCL_BFLOAT16 == 1
template<>
__device__ rccl_bfloat16 testValue<rccl_bfloat16>(const size_t offset, const int rep, const int rank) {
  return rccl_bfloat16(testValue<float>(offset, rep, rank));
}
#endif

// Operations
template<typename T>
__device__ T ncclOpSum(T a, T b) { return a+b; }
template<typename T>
__device__ T ncclOpProd(T a, T b) { return a*b; }
template<typename T>
__device__ T ncclOpMax(T a, T b) { return a>b ? a : b; }
template<typename T>
__device__ T ncclOpMin(T a, T b) { return a<b ? a : b; }

// Definitions for half
template<>
__device__ half ncclOpSum(half a, half b) { return __float2half(__half2float(a)+__half2float(b)); }
template<>
__device__ half ncclOpProd(half a, half b) { return __float2half(__half2float(a)*__half2float(b)); }
template<>
__device__ half ncclOpMax(half a, half b) { return __half2float(a)>__half2float(b) ? a : b; }
template<>
__device__ half ncclOpMin(half a, half b) { return __half2float(a)<__half2float(b) ? a : b; }

template<typename T>
__device__ T ncclPPOpIdent(T x, int arg) { return x; }
template<typename T>
__device__ T ncclPPOpMul(T x, int arg) { return x*T(arg); }
template<typename T>
__device__ T ncclPPOpDiv(T x, int arg) { return x/T(arg); }
template<>
__device__ half ncclPPOpMul(half x, int arg) {
  return __float2half(__half2float(x)*float(arg));
}
template<>
__device__ half ncclPPOpDiv(half x, int n) {
  return __float2half(__half2float(x)/n);
}
#if RCCL_BFLOAT16 == 1
template<>
__device__ rccl_bfloat16 ncclPPOpMul(rccl_bfloat16 x, int arg) {
  return (rccl_bfloat16)((float)(x)*float(arg));
}
template<>
__device__ rccl_bfloat16 ncclPPOpDiv(rccl_bfloat16 x, int n) {
  return (rccl_bfloat16)((float)(x)/(float)(n));;
}
#endif

__host__ __device__ int preMulScalar(int rank) {
  return 1 + rank%2;
}

template<typename T, T (*Op)(T, T), T(*PreOp)(T,int), T(*PostOp)(T,int)>
__global__ void InitDataReduceKernel(T* data, const size_t N, const size_t offset, const int rep, const int nranks) {
  for (size_t o=blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x; o<N; o+=gridDim.x*blockDim.x) {
    T val = testValue<T>(o+offset, rep, 0);
    val = PreOp(val, preMulScalar(0));
    for (int i=1; i<nranks; i++) {
      T val1 = testValue<T>(o+offset, rep, i);
      val1 = PreOp(val1, preMulScalar(i));
      val = Op(val, val1);
    }
    data[o] = PostOp(val, nranks);
  }
}

#define KERN(type, op, preop, postop) (void*)InitDataReduceKernel<type, op<type>, preop<type>, postop<type> >
#if NCCL_VERSION_CODE >= NCCL_VERSION(2,11,0)
  #define OPS(type) \
    KERN(type, ncclOpSum, ncclPPOpIdent, ncclPPOpIdent), \
    KERN(type, ncclOpProd, ncclPPOpIdent, ncclPPOpIdent), \
    KERN(type, ncclOpMax, ncclPPOpIdent, ncclPPOpIdent), \
    KERN(type, ncclOpMin, ncclPPOpIdent, ncclPPOpIdent), \
    KERN(type, ncclOpSum/*Avg*/, ncclPPOpIdent, ncclPPOpDiv), \
    KERN(type, ncclOpSum/*PreMulSum*/, ncclPPOpMul, ncclPPOpIdent)
#elif NCCL_VERSION_CODE >= NCCL_VERSION(2,10,0)
  #define OPS(type) \
    KERN(type, ncclOpSum, ncclPPOpIdent, ncclPPOpIdent), \
    KERN(type, ncclOpProd, ncclPPOpIdent, ncclPPOpIdent), \
    KERN(type, ncclOpMax, ncclPPOpIdent, ncclPPOpIdent), \
    KERN(type, ncclOpMin, ncclPPOpIdent, ncclPPOpIdent), \
    KERN(type, ncclOpSum/*Avg*/, ncclPPOpIdent, ncclPPOpDiv)
#else
  #define OPS(type) \
    KERN(type, ncclOpSum, ncclPPOpIdent, ncclPPOpIdent), \
    KERN(type, ncclOpProd, ncclPPOpIdent, ncclPPOpIdent), \
    KERN(type, ncclOpMax, ncclPPOpIdent, ncclPPOpIdent), \
    KERN(type, ncclOpMin, ncclPPOpIdent, ncclPPOpIdent)
#endif

static void* const redInitDataKerns[test_opNumMax*ncclNumTypes] = {
  OPS(int8_t), OPS(uint8_t), OPS(int32_t), OPS(uint32_t), OPS(int64_t), OPS(uint64_t), OPS(half), OPS(float), OPS(double),
#if NCCL_MAJOR >= 2 && RCCL_BFLOAT16 == 1
  OPS(rccl_bfloat16)
#endif
};

testResult_t InitDataReduce(void* data, const size_t count, const size_t offset, ncclDataType_t type, ncclRedOp_t op, const int rep, const int nranks) {
  dim3 grid = { 32, 1, 1 };
  dim3 block = { 256, 1, 1 };
  void* args[5] = { (void*)&data, (void*)&count, (void*)&offset, (void*)&rep, (void*)&nranks };
  HIPCHECK(hipLaunchKernel(redInitDataKerns[type*test_opNumMax+op], grid, block, args, 0, hipStreamDefault));
  return testSuccess;
}

template<typename T>
__global__ void InitDataKernel(T* data, const size_t N, const int rep, const int rank) {
  for (size_t o=blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x; o<N; o+=gridDim.x*blockDim.x)
    data[o] = testValue<T>(o, rep, rank);
}

static void* const initDataKerns[ncclNumTypes] = {
  (void*)InitDataKernel<  int8_t>,
  (void*)InitDataKernel< uint8_t>,
  (void*)InitDataKernel< int32_t>,
  (void*)InitDataKernel<uint32_t>,
  (void*)InitDataKernel< int64_t>,
  (void*)InitDataKernel<uint64_t>,
  (void*)InitDataKernel<    half>,
  (void*)InitDataKernel<   float>,
  (void*)InitDataKernel<  double>,
#if RCCL_BFLOAT16 == 1 && NCCL_MAJOR >= 2
  (void*)InitDataKernel<rccl_bfloat16>
#endif
};

template<typename T>
testResult_t InitDataType(void* dest, const size_t N, const int rep, const int rank) {
  T* ptr = (T*)dest;
  hipLaunchKernelGGL((InitDataKernel), dim3(16), dim3(512), 0, 0, ptr, N, rep, rank);
  return testSuccess;
}

testResult_t InitData(void* data, const size_t count, ncclDataType_t type, const int rep, const int rank) {
  dim3 grid = { 32, 1, 1 };
  dim3 block = { 256, 1, 1 };
  void* args[4] = { (void*)&data, (void*)&count, (void*)&rep, (void*)&rank };
  HIPCHECK(hipLaunchKernel(initDataKerns[type], grid, block, args, 0, hipStreamDefault));
  return testSuccess;
}

void Barrier(struct threadArgs* args) {
  while (args->barrier[args->barrier_idx] != args->thread) pthread_yield();
  args->barrier[args->barrier_idx] = args->thread + 1;
  if (args->thread+1 == args->nThreads) {
#ifdef MPI_SUPPORT
    MPI_Barrier(MPI_COMM_WORLD);
#endif
    args->barrier[args->barrier_idx] = 0;
  } else {
    while (args->barrier[args->barrier_idx]) pthread_yield();
  }
  args->barrier_idx=!args->barrier_idx;
}

// Inter-thread/process barrier+allreduce
void Allreduce(struct threadArgs* args, double* value, int average) {
  while (args->barrier[args->barrier_idx] != args->thread) pthread_yield();
  double val = *value;
  if (args->thread > 0) {
    double val2 = args->reduce[args->barrier_idx];
    if (average == 1) val += val2;
    if (average == 2) val = std::min(val, val2);
    if (average == 3) val = std::max(val, val2);
  }
  if (average || args->thread == 0) args->reduce[args->barrier_idx] = val;
  args->barrier[args->barrier_idx] = args->thread + 1;
  if (args->thread+1 == args->nThreads) {
#ifdef MPI_SUPPORT
    if (average != 0) {
      MPI_Op op = average == 1 ? MPI_SUM : average == 2 ? MPI_MIN : MPI_MAX;
      MPI_Allreduce(MPI_IN_PLACE, (void*)&args->reduce[args->barrier_idx], 1, MPI_DOUBLE, op, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
    }
#endif
    if (average == 1) args->reduce[args->barrier_idx] /= args->nProcs*args->nThreads;
    args->reduce[1-args->barrier_idx] = 0;
    args->barrier[args->barrier_idx] = 0;
  } else {
    while (args->barrier[args->barrier_idx]) pthread_yield();
  }
  *value = args->reduce[args->barrier_idx];
  args->barrier_idx=!args->barrier_idx;
}

testResult_t CheckData(struct threadArgs* args, ncclDataType_t type, ncclRedOp_t op, int root, int in_place, double *delta) {
  size_t count = args->expectedBytes/wordSize(type);
  double maxDelta = 0.0;
  for (int i=0; i<args->nGpus*args->nRanks; i++) {
    int device;
    int rank = ((args->proc*args->nThreads + args->thread)*args->nGpus*args->nRanks + i);
    NCCLCHECK(ncclCommCuDevice(args->comms[i], &device));
    HIPCHECK(hipSetDevice(device));
    void *data = in_place ? ((void *)((uintptr_t)args->recvbuffs[i] + args->recvInplaceOffset*rank)) : args->recvbuffs[i];
    TESTCHECK(CheckDelta(data , args->expected[i], count, type, args->deltaHost));
    maxDelta = std::max(*(args->deltaHost), maxDelta);

#ifdef DEBUG_PRINT
    //if (rank == 0) {
      int *expectedHost = (int *)malloc(args->expectedBytes);
      int *dataHost = (int *)malloc(args->expectedBytes);

      hipMemcpy(expectedHost, args->expected[rank], args->expectedBytes, hipMemcpyDeviceToHost);
      hipMemcpy(dataHost, data, args->expectedBytes, hipMemcpyDeviceToHost);
      int j, k, l;
      for (j=0; j<args->expectedBytes/sizeof(int); j++)
        if (expectedHost[j] != dataHost[j]) break;
      k = j;
      for (; j<args->expectedBytes/sizeof(int); j++)
        if (expectedHost[j] == dataHost[j]) break;
      l = j;
      printf("\n Rank [%d] Expected: ", rank);
      for (j=k; j<args->expectedBytes/sizeof(int) && j<l; j++) {
        printf("%d:%d ", j, expectedHost[j]);
      }
      printf("\n Rank [%d] Actual  : ", rank);
      for (j=k; j<args->expectedBytes/sizeof(int) && j<l; j++) {
        printf("%d:%d ", j, dataHost[j]);
      }
      printf("\n");
      free(expectedHost);
      free(dataHost);
    //}
#endif
  }
  double nranks = args->nProcs*args->nThreads*args->nGpus*args->nRanks;
  if (args->reportErrors && maxDelta > DeltaMaxValue(type)*(nranks - 1)) args->errors[0]++;
  *delta = maxDelta;
  return testSuccess;
}

testResult_t testStreamSynchronize(int nStreams, hipStream_t* streams, ncclComm_t* comms) {
  hipError_t hipErr;
  int remaining = nStreams;
  int* done = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int)*nStreams);
  memset(done, 0, sizeof(int)*nStreams);
  while (remaining) {
   int idle = 1;
   for (int i=0; i<nStreams; i++) {
     if (done[i]) continue;

     hipErr = hipStreamQuery(streams[i]);
     if (hipErr == hipSuccess) {
       done[i] = 1;
       remaining--;
       idle = 0;
       continue;
     }

     if (hipErr != hipErrorNotReady) HIPCHECK(hipErr);

#if NCCL_VERSION_CODE >= NCCL_VERSION(2,4,0)
     if (test_ncclVersion >= NCCL_VERSION(2,4,0) && comms) {
       ncclResult_t ncclAsyncErr;
       NCCLCHECK(ncclCommGetAsyncError(comms[i], &ncclAsyncErr));
       if (ncclAsyncErr != ncclSuccess) {
         // An asynchronous error happened. Stop the operation and destroy
         // the communicator
         for (int i=0; i<nStreams; i++)
           NCCLCHECK(ncclCommAbort(comms[i]));
         // Abort the perf test
         NCCLCHECK(ncclAsyncErr);
       }
     }
#endif
   }

   // We might want to let other threads (including NCCL threads) use the CPU.
   if (idle) pthread_yield();
  }
  free(done);
  return testSuccess;
}

testResult_t startColl(struct threadArgs* args, ncclDataType_t type, ncclRedOp_t opIndex, int root, int in_place, int iter) {
  size_t count = args->nbytes / wordSize(type);

  // Try to change offset for each iteration so that we avoid cache effects and catch race conditions in ptrExchange
  size_t totalnbytes = std::max(args->sendBytes, args->expectedBytes);
  size_t steps = totalnbytes ? args->maxbytes / totalnbytes : 1;
  size_t shift = totalnbytes * (iter % steps);

  if (args->nGpus> 1 || args->nRanks > 1) NCCLCHECK(ncclGroupStart());
  for (int i = 0; i < args->nGpus*args->nRanks; i++) {
#ifndef NCCL_MAJOR
    int hipDev;
    NCCLCHECK(ncclCommCuDevice(args->comms[i], &hipDev));
    HIPCHECK(hipSetDevice(hipDev));
#endif
    int rank = ((args->proc*args->nThreads + args->thread)*args->nGpus*args->nRanks + i);
    char* recvBuff = ((char*)args->recvbuffs[i]) + shift;
    char* sendBuff = ((char*)args->sendbuffs[i]) + shift;
    ncclRedOp_t op;

    if(opIndex < ncclNumOps) {
      op = opIndex;
    }
    #if NCCL_VERSION_CODE >= NCCL_VERSION(2,11,0)
    else {
      union {
        int8_t i8; uint8_t u8; int32_t i32; uint32_t u32; int64_t i64; uint64_t u64;
        half f16; float f32; double f64;
        #if defined(RCCL_BFLOAT16)
        rccl_bfloat16 bf16;
        #endif
      };
      int scalar = preMulScalar(rank);
      switch(type) {
      case ncclInt8: i8 = int8_t(scalar); break;
      case ncclUint8: u8 = uint8_t(scalar); break;
      case ncclInt32: i32 = int32_t(scalar); break;
      case ncclUint32: u32 = uint32_t(scalar); break;
      case ncclInt64: i64 = int32_t(scalar); break;
      case ncclUint64: u64 = uint32_t(scalar); break;
      case ncclFloat16: f16 = __float2half(float(scalar)); break;
      case ncclFloat32: f32 = float(scalar); break;
      case ncclFloat64: f64 = double(scalar); break;
      #if defined(RCCL_BFLOAT16)
      case ncclBfloat16: bf16 = (rccl_bfloat16)(float(scalar)); break;
      #endif
      }
      NCCLCHECK(ncclRedOpCreatePreMulSum(&op, &u64, type, ncclScalarHostImmediate, args->comms[i]));
    }
    #endif

    TESTCHECK(args->collTest->runColl(
          (void*)(in_place ? recvBuff + args->sendInplaceOffset*rank : sendBuff),
          (void*)(in_place ? recvBuff + args->recvInplaceOffset*rank : recvBuff),
        count, type, op, root, args->comms[i], args->streams[i]));

    #if NCCL_VERSION_CODE >= NCCL_VERSION(2,11,0)
    if(opIndex >= ncclNumOps) {
      NCCLCHECK(ncclRedOpDestroy(op, args->comms[i]));
    }
    #endif
  }
  if (args->nGpus > 1 || args->nRanks > 1) NCCLCHECK(ncclGroupEnd());

  if (blocking_coll) {
    // Complete op before returning
    TESTCHECK(testStreamSynchronize(args->nGpus*args->nRanks, args->streams, args->comms));
  }
  if (blocking_coll) Barrier(args);
  return testSuccess;
}

testResult_t completeColl(struct threadArgs* args) {
  if (blocking_coll) return testSuccess;

  TESTCHECK(testStreamSynchronize(args->nGpus*args->nRanks, args->streams, args->comms));
  return testSuccess;
}

//EDGAR: Revisit because of cudaGraphLaunches
testResult_t BenchTime(struct threadArgs* args, ncclDataType_t type, ncclRedOp_t op, int root, int in_place) {
  size_t count = args->nbytes / wordSize(type);
  if (datacheck) {
    // Initialize sendbuffs, recvbuffs and expected
    TESTCHECK(args->collTest->initData(args, type, op, root, 99, in_place));
  }

  // Sync
  TESTCHECK(startColl(args, type, op, root, in_place, 0));
  TESTCHECK(completeColl(args));

  Barrier(args);

#if CUDART_VERSION >= 11030
  hipGraph_t graphs[args->nGpus*args->nRanks];
  hipGraphExec_t graphExec[args->nGpus*args->nRanks];
  if (cudaGraphLaunches >= 1) {
    // Begin cuda graph capture
    for (int i=0; i<args->nGpus*args->nRanks; i++) {
      // Thread local mode is needed for:
      // - Multi-thread mode
      // - P2P pre-connect
      HIPCHECK(hipStreamBeginCapture(args->streams[i], hipStreamCaptureModeThreadLocal));
    }
  }
#endif

  // Performance Benchmark
  auto start = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
  for (int iter = 0; iter < iters; iter++) {
    if (agg_iters>1) NCCLCHECK(ncclGroupStart());
    for (int aiter = 0; aiter < agg_iters; aiter++) {
      TESTCHECK(startColl(args, type, op, root, in_place, iter*agg_iters+aiter));
    }
    if (agg_iters>1) NCCLCHECK(ncclGroupEnd());
  }

#if CUDART_VERSION >= 11030
  if (cudaGraphLaunches >= 1) {
    // End cuda graph capture
    for (int i=0; i<args->nGpus*args->nRanks; i++) {
      HIPCHECK(hipStreamEndCapture(args->streams[i], graphs+i));
    }
    // Instantiate cuda graph
    for (int i=0; i<args->nGpus*args->nRanks; i++) {
      HIPCHECK(hipGraphInstantiate(graphExec+i, graphs[i], NULL, NULL, 0));
    }
    // Resync CPU, restart timing, launch cuda graph
    Barrier(args);
    start = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
    for (int l=0; l<cudaGraphLaunches; l++) {
      for (int i=0; i<args->nGpus*args->nRanks; i++) {
        HIPCHECK(hipGraphLaunch(graphExec[i], args->streams[i]));
      }
    }
  }
#endif

  TESTCHECK(completeColl(args));

  auto delta = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now() - start;
  double deltaSec = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::duration<double>>(delta).count();
  deltaSec = deltaSec/(iters*agg_iters);
  if (cudaGraphLaunches >= 1) deltaSec = deltaSec/cudaGraphLaunches;
  Allreduce(args, &deltaSec, average);

#if CUDART_VERSION >= 11030
  if (cudaGraphLaunches >= 1) {
    //destroy cuda graph
    for (int i=0; i<args->nGpus*args->nRanks; i++) {
      HIPCHECK(hipGraphExecDestroy(graphExec[i]));
      HIPCHECK(hipGraphDestroy(graphs[i]));
    }
  }
#endif

  double algBw, busBw;
  args->collTest->getBw(count, wordSize(type), deltaSec, &algBw, &busBw, args->nProcs*args->nThreads*args->nGpus*args->nRanks);

  Barrier(args);

  double maxDelta = 0;
  bool error = false;
  static __thread int rep = 0;
  rep++;
  if (datacheck) {
      // Initialize sendbuffs, recvbuffs and expected
      TESTCHECK(args->collTest->initData(args, type, op, root, rep, in_place));

#if CUDART_VERSION >= 11030
      if (cudaGraphLaunches >= 1) {
        // Begin cuda graph capture for data check
        for (int i=0; i<args->nGpus*args->nRanks; i++) {
          HIPCHECK(chiptreamBeginCapture(args->streams[i], args->nThreads > 1 ? hipStreamCaptureModeThreadLocal : hipStreamCaptureModeGlobal));
        }
      }
#endif

      //test validation in single itertion, should ideally be included into the multi-iteration run
      TESTCHECK(startColl(args, type, op, root, in_place, 0));

#if CUDART_VERSION >= 11030
      if (cudaGraphLaunches >= 1) {
        // End cuda graph capture
        for (int i=0; i<args->nGpus*args->nRanks; i++) {
          HIPCHECK(hipStreamEndCapture(args->streams[i], graphs+i));
        }
        // Instantiate cuda graph
        for (int i=0; i<args->nGpus*args->nRanks; i++) {
          HIPCHECK(hipGraphInstantiate(graphExec+i, graphs[i], NULL, NULL, 0));
        }
        // Launch cuda graph
        for (int i=0; i<args->nGpus*args->nRanks; i++) {
          HIPCHECK(hipGraphLaunch(graphExec[i], args->streams[i]));
        }
      }
#endif

      TESTCHECK(completeColl(args));

#if CUDART_VERSION >= 11030
      if (cudaGraphLaunches >= 1) {
        //destroy cuda graph
        for (int i=0; i<args->nGpus*args->nRanks; i++) {
          HIPCHECK(hipGraphExecDestroy(graphExec[i]));
          HIPCHECK(hipGraphDestroy(graphs[i]));
        }
      }
#endif

      TESTCHECK(CheckData(args, type, op, root, in_place, &maxDelta));

      //aggregate delta from all threads and procs
      Allreduce(args, &maxDelta, 3);
  }

  double timeUsec = deltaSec*1.0E6;
  char timeStr[100];
  if (timeUsec >= 10000.0) {
    sprintf(timeStr, "%7.0f", timeUsec);
  } else if (timeUsec >= 100.0) {
    sprintf(timeStr, "%7.1f", timeUsec);
  } else {
    sprintf(timeStr, "%7.2f", timeUsec);
  }
  if (datacheck) {
     PRINT("  %7s  %6.2f  %6.2f  %5.0le%s", timeStr, algBw, busBw, maxDelta, error ? "*" : "");
  } else {
     PRINT("  %7s  %6.2f  %6.2f  %5s", timeStr, algBw, busBw, "N/A");
  }

  args->bw[0] += busBw;
  args->bw_count[0]++;
  return testSuccess;
}

void setupArgs(size_t size, ncclDataType_t type, struct threadArgs* args) {
  int nranks = args->nProcs*args->nGpus*args->nThreads*args->nRanks;
  size_t count, sendCount, recvCount, paramCount, sendInplaceOffset, recvInplaceOffset;

  count = size / wordSize(type);
  args->collTest->getCollByteCount(&sendCount, &recvCount, &paramCount, &sendInplaceOffset, &recvInplaceOffset, (size_t)count, (size_t)nranks);

  args->nbytes = paramCount * wordSize(type);
  args->sendBytes = sendCount * wordSize(type);
  args->expectedBytes = recvCount * wordSize(type);
  args->sendInplaceOffset = sendInplaceOffset * wordSize(type);
  args->recvInplaceOffset = recvInplaceOffset * wordSize(type);
}

testResult_t TimeTest(struct threadArgs* args, ncclDataType_t type, const char* typeName, ncclRedOp_t op, const char* opName, int root) {
  // Warm-up for large size
  setupArgs(args->maxbytes, type, args);
  for (int iter = 0; iter < warmup_iters; iter++) {
    TESTCHECK(startColl(args, type, op, root, 0, iter));
  }
  TESTCHECK(completeColl(args));

  // Warm-up for small size
  setupArgs(args->minbytes, type, args);
  for (int iter = 0; iter < warmup_iters; iter++) {
    TESTCHECK(startColl(args, type, op, root, 0, iter));
  }
  TESTCHECK(completeColl(args));

  for (size_t iter = 0; iter < stress_cycles; iter++) {
    if (iter > 0) PRINT("# Testing %lu cycle.\n", iter+1);
    // Benchmark
    for (size_t size = args->minbytes; size<=args->maxbytes; size = ((args->stepfactor > 1) ? size*args->stepfactor : size+args->stepbytes)) {
        setupArgs(size, type, args);
        print_line_header(std::max(args->sendBytes, args->expectedBytes), args->nbytes / wordSize(type), typeName, opName, root);
        TESTCHECK(BenchTime(args, type, op, root, 0));
        TESTCHECK(BenchTime(args, type, op, root, 1));
        PRINT("\n");
    }
  }
  return testSuccess;
}

testResult_t threadRunTests(struct threadArgs* args) {
  // Set device to the first of our GPUs. If we don't do that, some operations
  // will be done on the current GPU (by default : 0) and if the GPUs are in
  // exclusive mode those operations will fail.
  int gpuid = args->localRank*args->nThreads*args->nGpus + args->thread*args->nGpus;
  if (enable_multiranks)
    gpuid = gpuid % numDevices;
  HIPCHECK(hipSetDevice(gpuid));
  TESTCHECK(ncclTestEngine.runTest(args, ncclroot, (ncclDataType_t)nccltype, test_typenames[nccltype], (ncclRedOp_t)ncclop, test_opnames[ncclop]));
  return testSuccess;
}

testResult_t threadInit(struct threadArgs* args) {
  char hostname[1024];
  getHostName(hostname, 1024);
  int nranks =  args->nProcs*args->nThreads*args->nGpus*args->nRanks;

  //set main thread again
  is_main_thread = (args->proc == 0 && args->thread == 0) ? 1 : 0;

  NCCLCHECK(ncclGroupStart());
  for (int i=0; i<args->nGpus; i++) {
    int gpuid = args->localRank*args->nThreads*args->nGpus + args->thread*args->nGpus + i;
    if (enable_multiranks)
      gpuid = gpuid % numDevices;
    HIPCHECK(hipSetDevice(gpuid));

    for (int j=0; j<args->nRanks; j++) {
      int rank = (args->proc*args->nThreads + args->thread)*args->nGpus*args->nRanks + i*args->nRanks + j;
      if (args->enable_multiranks)
	NCCLCHECK(ncclCommInitRank(args->comms+i, nranks, args->ncclId, rank));
#ifdef RCCL_MULTIRANKPERGPU
      else
	NCCLCHECK(ncclCommInitRankMulti(args->comms+i*args->nRanks+j, nranks, args->ncclId, rank, rank));
#endif
    }
  }
  NCCLCHECK(ncclGroupEnd());

  TESTCHECK(threadRunTests(args));

  for (int i=0; i<args->nGpus*args->nRanks; i++) {
    NCCLCHECK(ncclCommDestroy(args->comms[i]));
  }
  return testSuccess;
}

void* threadLauncher(void* thread_) {
  struct testThread* thread = (struct testThread*)thread_;
  thread->ret = thread->func(&thread->args);
  return NULL;
}
testResult_t threadLaunch(struct testThread* thread) {
  pthread_create(&thread->thread, NULL, threadLauncher, thread);
  return testSuccess;
}

testResult_t AllocateBuffs(void **sendbuff, size_t sendBytes, void **recvbuff, size_t recvBytes, void **expected, size_t nbytes, int nranks) {
  if (memorytype == ncclFine) {
    HIPCHECK(hipExtMallocWithFlags(sendbuff, nbytes, hipDeviceMallocFinegrained));
    HIPCHECK(hipExtMallocWithFlags(recvbuff, nbytes, hipDeviceMallocFinegrained));
    if (datacheck) HIPCHECK(hipExtMallocWithFlags(expected, recvBytes, hipDeviceMallocFinegrained));
  }
  else if (memorytype == ncclHost) {
    HIPCHECK(hipHostMalloc(sendbuff, nbytes));
    HIPCHECK(hipHostMalloc(recvbuff, nbytes));
    if (datacheck) HIPCHECK(hipHostMalloc(expected, recvBytes));
  }
  else if (memorytype == ncclManaged) {
    HIPCHECK(hipMallocManaged(sendbuff, nbytes));
    HIPCHECK(hipMallocManaged(recvbuff, nbytes));
    if (datacheck) HIPCHECK(hipMallocManaged(expected, recvBytes));
#if 0
    HIPCHECK(hipMemset(*sendbuff, 0, nbytes));
    HIPCHECK(hipMemset(*recvbuff, 0, nbytes));
    if (datacheck) HIPCHECK(hipMemset(*expected, 0, recvBytes));
#endif
  }
  else {
    HIPCHECK(hipMalloc(sendbuff, nbytes));
    HIPCHECK(hipMalloc(recvbuff, nbytes));
    if (datacheck) HIPCHECK(hipMalloc(expected, recvBytes));
  }
  return testSuccess;
}

testResult_t run(); // Main function

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
  // Make sure everyline is flushed so that we see the progress of the test
  setlinebuf(stdout);

  #if NCCL_VERSION_CODE >= NCCL_VERSION(2,4,0)
    ncclGetVersion(&test_ncclVersion);
  #else
    test_ncclVersion = NCCL_VERSION_CODE;
  #endif
  //printf("# NCCL_VERSION_CODE=%d ncclGetVersion=%d\n", NCCL_VERSION_CODE, test_ncclVersion);
  #if NCCL_VERSION_CODE >= NCCL_VERSION(2,0,0)
    test_opnum = 4;
    test_typenum = 9;
    if (NCCL_VERSION_CODE >= NCCL_VERSION(2,10,0) && test_ncclVersion >= NCCL_VERSION(2,10,0)) {
      test_opnum++; // ncclAvg
      #if defined(RCCL_BFLOAT16)
        test_typenum++; // bfloat16
      #endif
    }
    if (NCCL_VERSION_CODE >= NCCL_VERSION(2,11,0) && test_ncclVersion >= NCCL_VERSION(2,11,0)) {
      test_opnum++; // PreMulSum
    }
  #endif

  // Parse args
  double parsed;
  int longindex;
  static struct option longopts[] = {
    {"nthreads", required_argument, 0, 't'},
    {"ngpus", required_argument, 0, 'g'},
    {"minbytes", required_argument, 0, 'b'},
    {"maxbytes", required_argument, 0, 'e'},
    {"stepbytes", required_argument, 0, 'i'},
    {"stepfactor", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
    {"iters", required_argument, 0, 'n'},
    {"agg_iters", required_argument, 0, 'm'},
    {"warmup_iters", required_argument, 0, 'w'},
    {"parallel_init", required_argument, 0, 'p'},
    {"check", required_argument, 0, 'c'},
    {"op", required_argument, 0, 'o'},
    {"datatype", required_argument, 0, 'd'},
    {"root", required_argument, 0, 'r'},
    {"blocking", required_argument, 0, 'z'},
    {"memory_type", required_argument, 0, 'y'},
    {"stress_cycles", required_argument, 0, 's'},
    {"cumask", required_argument, 0, 'u'},
    {"cudagraph", required_argument, 0, 'G'},
    {"average", required_argument, 0, 'a'},
#ifdef RCCL_MULTIRANKPERGPU
    {"enable_multiranks", required_argument, 0, 'x'},
    {"ranks_per_gpu", required_argument, 0, 'R'},
#endif
    {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
    {}
  };

  while(1) {
    int c;
#ifdef RCCL_MULTIRANKPERGPU
    c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "t:g:b:e:i:f:n:m:w:p:c:o:d:r:z:G:a:y:s:u:h:R:x:", longopts, &longindex);
#else
    c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "t:g:b:e:i:f:n:m:w:p:c:o:d:r:z:G:a:y:s:u:h:", longopts, &longindex);
#endif

    if (c == -1)
      break;

    switch(c) {
      case 't':
        nThreads = strtol(optarg, NULL, 0);
        break;
      case 'g':
        nGpus = strtol(optarg, NULL, 0);
        break;
      case 'b':
        parsed = parsesize(optarg);
        if (parsed < 0) {
          fprintf(stderr, "invalid size specified for 'minbytes'\n");
          return -1;
        }
        minBytes = (size_t)parsed;
        break;
      case 'e':
        parsed = parsesize(optarg);
        if (parsed < 0) {
          fprintf(stderr, "invalid size specified for 'maxbytes'\n");
          return -1;
        }
        maxBytes = (size_t)parsed;
        break;
      case 'i':
        stepBytes = strtol(optarg, NULL, 0);
        break;
      case 'f':
        stepFactor = strtol(optarg, NULL, 0);
        break;
      case 'n':
        iters = (int)strtol(optarg, NULL, 0);
        break;
      case 'm':
#if NCCL_MAJOR > 2 || (NCCL_MAJOR >= 2 && NCCL_MINOR >= 2)
        agg_iters = (int)strtol(optarg, NULL, 0);
#else
        fprintf(stderr, "Option -m not supported before NCCL 2.2. Ignoring\n");
#endif
        break;
      case 'w':
        warmup_iters = (int)strtol(optarg, NULL, 0);
        break;
      case 'c':
        datacheck = (int)strtol(optarg, NULL, 0);
        break;
      case 'p':
        parallel_init = (int)strtol(optarg, NULL, 0);
        break;
      case 'o':
        ncclop = ncclstringtoop(optarg);
        break;
      case 'd':
        nccltype = ncclstringtotype(optarg);
        break;
      case 'r':
        ncclroot = strtol(optarg, NULL, 0);
        break;
      case 'z':
        blocking_coll = strtol(optarg, NULL, 0);
        break;
      case 'y':
        memorytype = ncclstringtomtype(optarg);
        break;
      case 's':
        stress_cycles = strtol(optarg, NULL, 0);
        break;
      case 'u':
        {
          int nmasks = 0;
          char *mask = strtok(optarg, ",");
          while (mask != NULL && nmasks < 4) {
            cumask[nmasks++] = strtol(mask, NULL, 16);
            mask = strtok(NULL, ",");
          };
        }
        break;
      case 'G':
#if (NCCL_MAJOR > 2 || (NCCL_MAJOR >= 2 && NCCL_MINOR >= 9)) && CUDART_VERSION >= 11030
        cudaGraphLaunches = strtol(optarg, NULL, 0);
#else
        printf("Option -G (CUDA graph) not supported before NCCL 2.9 + CUDA 11.3. Ignoring\n");
#endif
        break;
      case 'a':
        average = (int)strtol(optarg, NULL, 0);
        break;
#ifdef RCCL_MULTIRANKPERGPU
      case 'x':
        enable_multiranks = (int)strtol(optarg, NULL, 0);
        break;
      case 'R':
        ranksPerGpu = (int)strtol(optarg, NULL, 0);
        break;
#endif
      case 'h':
      default:
        if (c != 'h') printf("invalid option '%c'\n", c);
        printf("USAGE: %s \n\t"
            "[-t,--nthreads <num threads>] \n\t"
            "[-g,--ngpus <gpus per thread>] \n\t"
            "[-b,--minbytes <min size in bytes>] \n\t"
            "[-e,--maxbytes <max size in bytes>] \n\t"
            "[-i,--stepbytes <increment size>] \n\t"
            "[-f,--stepfactor <increment factor>] \n\t"
            "[-n,--iters <iteration count>] \n\t"
            "[-m,--agg_iters <aggregated iteration count>] \n\t"
            "[-w,--warmup_iters <warmup iteration count>] \n\t"
            "[-p,--parallel_init <0/1>] \n\t"
            "[-c,--check <0/1>] \n\t"
#if NCCL_VERSION_CODE >= NCCL_VERSION(2,11,0)
            "[-o,--op <sum/prod/min/max/avg/mulsum/all>] \n\t"
#elif NCCL_VERSION_CODE >= NCCL_VERSION(2,10,0)
            "[-o,--op <sum/prod/min/max/avg/all>] \n\t"
#else
            "[-o,--op <sum/prod/min/max/all>] \n\t"
#endif
            "[-d,--datatype <nccltype/all>] \n\t"
            "[-r,--root <root>] \n\t"
            "[-z,--blocking <0/1>] \n\t"
            "[-y,--memory_type <coarse/fine/host/managed>] \n\t"
            "[-s,--stress_cycles <number of cycles>] \n\t"
            "[-u,--cumask <d0,d1,d2,d3>] \n\t"
            "[-G,--cudagraph <num graph launches>] \n\t"
            "[-a,--average <0/1/2/3> report average iteration time <0=RANK0/1=AVG/2=MIN/3=MAX>] \n\t"
#ifdef RCCL_MULTIRANKPERGPU
            "[-x,--enable_multiranks <0/1> enable using multiple ranks per GPU] \n\t"
            "[-R,--ranks_per_gpu] \n\t"
#endif
            "[-h,--help]\n",
	    basename(argv[0]));
	return 0;
    }
  }

  HIPCHECK(hipGetDeviceCount(&numDevices));
  if (nGpus > numDevices)
  {
      fprintf(stderr, "[ERROR] The number of requested GPUs (%d) is greater than the number of GPUs available (%d)\n", nGpus, numDevices);
      return testNcclError;
  }
  if (minBytes > maxBytes) {
    fprintf(stderr, "invalid sizes for 'minbytes' and 'maxbytes': %llu > %llu\n",
           (unsigned long long)minBytes,
           (unsigned long long)maxBytes);
    return -1;
  }
  if (!minReqVersion(2, 12, 12) && enable_multiranks) {
     fprintf(stderr, "Multiple Ranks per GPU requested, but rccl library found does not support this feature.\n");
     fprintf(stderr, "Please check LD_LIBRARY_PATH. Resetting enable_multiranks and ranksPerGpu to default values.\n");
     enable_multiranks = 0;
     ranksPerGpu       = 1;
  }

  if (enable_multiranks && parallel_init) {
    fprintf(stderr, "Cannot use parallel_init when using multiple ranks per GPU.\n");
    return -1;
  }
  if (ranksPerGpu > 1 && !enable_multiranks) {
    fprintf(stderr, "Need to enable multiranks option to use multiple ranks per GPU\n");
    return -1;
  }
#ifdef MPI_SUPPORT
  MPI_Init(&argc, &argv);
#endif
  TESTCHECK(run());
  return 0;
}

testResult_t run() {
  int nProcs = 1, proc = 0;
  int localRank = 0;
  char hostname[1024];
  getHostName(hostname, 1024);

#ifdef MPI_SUPPORT
  MPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &nProcs);
  MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &proc);
  uint64_t hostHashs[nProcs];
  hostHashs[proc] = getHostHash(hostname);
  MPI_Allgather(MPI_IN_PLACE, 0, MPI_DATATYPE_NULL, hostHashs, sizeof(uint64_t), MPI_BYTE, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
  for (int p=0; p<nProcs; p++) {
    if (p == proc) break;
    if (hostHashs[p] == hostHashs[proc]) localRank++;
  }
#endif
  is_main_thread = (proc == 0) ? 1 : 0;

  PRINT("# nThreads: %d nGpus: %d nRanks: %d minBytes: %ld maxBytes: %ld step: %ld(%s) warmupIters: %d iters: %d validation: %d \n", nThreads, nGpus, ranksPerGpu, minBytes, maxBytes,
      (stepFactor > 1)?stepFactor:stepBytes, (stepFactor > 1)?"factor":"bytes", warmup_iters, iters, datacheck);
  if (blocking_coll) PRINT("# Blocking Enabled: wait for completion and barrier after each collective \n");
  if (parallel_init) PRINT("# Parallel Init Enabled: threads call into NcclInitRank concurrently \n");
  PRINT("#\n");

  PRINT("# Using devices\n");
#define MAX_LINE 2048
  char line[MAX_LINE];
  int len = 0;
  size_t maxMem = ~0;
  for (int i=0; i<nThreads*nGpus; i++) {
    int hipDev = localRank*nThreads*nGpus+i;
    if (enable_multiranks)
      hipDev = hipDev % numDevices;
    hipDeviceProp_t prop;
    HIPCHECK(hipGetDeviceProperties(&prop, hipDev));

    for (int j=0; j<ranksPerGpu; j++) {
	int rank = proc*nThreads*nGpus*ranksPerGpu+i*ranksPerGpu + j;
        char busIdStr[] = "00000000:00:00.0";
    	HIPCHECK(hipDeviceGetPCIBusId(busIdStr, sizeof(busIdStr), hipDev));
	len += snprintf(line+len, MAX_LINE>len ? MAX_LINE-len : 0, "#   Rank %2d Pid %6d on %10s device %2d [%s] %s\n",
			rank, getpid(), hostname, hipDev, busIdStr, prop.name);
	maxMem = std::min(maxMem, prop.totalGlobalMem);
    }
  }
#if MPI_SUPPORT
  char *lines = (proc == 0) ? (char *)malloc(nProcs*MAX_LINE) : NULL;
  // Gather all output in rank order to root (0)
  MPI_Gather(line, MAX_LINE, MPI_BYTE, lines, MAX_LINE, MPI_BYTE, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
  if (proc == 0) {
    for (int p = 0; p < nProcs; p++)
      PRINT("%s", lines+MAX_LINE*p);
    free(lines);
  }
  MPI_Allreduce(MPI_IN_PLACE, &maxMem, 1, MPI_LONG, MPI_MIN, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
#else
  PRINT("%s", line);
#endif

  // We need sendbuff, recvbuff, expected (when datacheck enabled), plus 1G for the rest.
  size_t memMaxBytes = (maxMem - (1<<30)) / (datacheck ? 3 : 2);
  if (maxBytes > memMaxBytes) {
    maxBytes = memMaxBytes;
    if (proc == 0) printf("#\n# Reducing maxBytes to %ld due to memory limitation\n", maxBytes);
  }

  ncclUniqueId ncclId;
  if (proc == 0) {
    NCCLCHECK(ncclGetUniqueId(&ncclId));
  }
#ifdef MPI_SUPPORT
  MPI_Bcast(&ncclId, sizeof(ncclId), MPI_BYTE, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
  MPI_Barrier(MPI_COMM_WORLD);
#endif
  hipStream_t streams[nGpus*nThreads*ranksPerGpu];
  void* sendbuffs[nGpus*nThreads*ranksPerGpu];
  void* recvbuffs[nGpus*nThreads*ranksPerGpu];
  void* expected[nGpus*nThreads*ranksPerGpu];
  size_t sendBytes, recvBytes;

  ncclTestEngine.getBuffSize(&sendBytes, &recvBytes, (size_t)maxBytes, (size_t)nProcs*nGpus*nThreads*ranksPerGpu);

  for (int ii=0; ii<nGpus*nThreads; ii++) {
    int gpuid = localRank*nThreads*nGpus+ii;
    if (enable_multiranks)
      gpuid = gpuid % numDevices;
    HIPCHECK(hipSetDevice(gpuid));
    for (int j=0; j<ranksPerGpu; j++) {
      int i = ii*ranksPerGpu+j;
      AllocateBuffs(sendbuffs+i, sendBytes, recvbuffs+i, recvBytes, expected+i, (size_t)maxBytes, nProcs*nThreads*nGpus*ranksPerGpu);
      //PRINT("sendbuffs[%d]=%p(size=%lu) recvbuffs[%d]=%p(size=%lu)\n", i, sendbuffs[i], sendBytes, i, recvbuffs[i], recvBytes);
      if (cumask[0] || cumask[1] || cumask[2] || cumask[3]) {
	PRINT("cumask: ");
	for (int i = 0; i < 4 ; i++) PRINT("%x,", cumask[i]);
	PRINT("\n");
	HIPCHECK(hipExtStreamCreateWithCUMask(streams+i, 4, cumask));
      } else
	HIPCHECK(hipStreamCreateWithFlags(streams+i, hipStreamNonBlocking));
      // initialize data buffer to avoid all zero data
      TESTCHECK(InitData(sendbuffs[i], sendBytes, ncclUint8, 0, i));
    }
    HIPCHECK(hipDeviceSynchronize());
  }

  //if parallel init is not selected, use main thread to initialize NCCL
  ncclComm_t* comms = (ncclComm_t*)malloc(sizeof(ncclComm_t)*nThreads*nGpus*ranksPerGpu);
  if (!parallel_init) {
     if (nProcs == 1 && !enable_multiranks) {
       int gpuArray[nGpus*nThreads];
       for (int i=0; i<nGpus*nThreads; i++) gpuArray[i] = i;
       NCCLCHECK(ncclCommInitAll(comms, nGpus*nThreads, gpuArray));
     } else {
       NCCLCHECK(ncclGroupStart());
       for (int ii=0; ii<nGpus*nThreads; ii++) {
	 int gpuid = localRank*nThreads*nGpus+ii;
         if (enable_multiranks) {
	   gpuid = gpuid % numDevices;
	 }
         HIPCHECK(hipSetDevice(gpuid));
	 if (!enable_multiranks) {
	   NCCLCHECK(ncclCommInitRank(comms+ii, nProcs*nThreads*nGpus, ncclId, proc*nThreads*nGpus+ii));
	 }
#ifdef RCCL_MULTIRANKPERGPU
	 else
	   for (int j=0; j<ranksPerGpu; j++) {
	     int i = ii*ranksPerGpu+j;
	     NCCLCHECK(ncclCommInitRankMulti(comms+i, nProcs*nThreads*nGpus*ranksPerGpu, ncclId, proc*nThreads*nGpus*ranksPerGpu+i, proc*nThreads*nGpus*ranksPerGpu+i));
	   }
#endif
       }
       NCCLCHECK(ncclGroupEnd());
     }
  }

  int errors[nThreads];
  double bw[nThreads];
  double* delta;
  HIPCHECK(hipHostMalloc(&delta, sizeof(double)*nThreads*NUM_BLOCKS, hipHostMallocPortable | hipHostMallocMapped));
  int bw_count[nThreads];
  for (int t=0; t<nThreads; t++) {
    bw[t] = 0.0;
    errors[t] = bw_count[t] = 0;
  }

  PRINT("#\n");
  print_header();

  int* sync = (int*)calloc(2, sizeof(int));
  int* barrier = (int*)calloc(2, sizeof(int));
  double* reduce = (double*)calloc(2, sizeof(double));

  struct testThread threads[nThreads];
  memset(threads, 0, sizeof(struct testThread)*nThreads);

  for (int t=nThreads-1; t>=0; t--) {
    threads[t].args.minbytes=minBytes;
    threads[t].args.maxbytes=maxBytes;
    threads[t].args.stepbytes=stepBytes;
    threads[t].args.stepfactor=stepFactor;
    threads[t].args.localRank = localRank;
    threads[t].args.localNumDevices = numDevices;
    threads[t].args.enable_multiranks = enable_multiranks;
    threads[t].args.nRanks = ranksPerGpu;
    threads[t].args.nProcs=nProcs;
    threads[t].args.proc=proc;
    threads[t].args.nThreads=nThreads;
    threads[t].args.thread=t;
    threads[t].args.nGpus=nGpus;
    threads[t].args.sendbuffs = sendbuffs+t*nGpus*ranksPerGpu;
    threads[t].args.recvbuffs = recvbuffs+t*nGpus*ranksPerGpu;
    threads[t].args.expected = expected+t*nGpus*ranksPerGpu;
    threads[t].args.ncclId = ncclId;
    threads[t].args.comms=comms+t*nGpus*ranksPerGpu;
    threads[t].args.streams=streams+t*nGpus*ranksPerGpu;

    threads[t].args.barrier = (volatile int*)barrier;
    threads[t].args.barrier_idx = 0;
    threads[t].args.reduce = (volatile double*)reduce;
    threads[t].args.sync = (volatile int*)sync;
    threads[t].args.sync_idx = 0;
    threads[t].args.deltaHost = (delta + t*NUM_BLOCKS);
    threads[t].args.errors=errors+t;
    threads[t].args.bw=bw+t;
    threads[t].args.bw_count=bw_count+t;

    threads[t].args.reportErrors = 1;

    threads[t].func = parallel_init ? threadInit : threadRunTests;
    if (t)
      TESTCHECK(threadLaunch(threads+t));
    else
      TESTCHECK(threads[t].func(&threads[t].args));
  }

  // Wait for other threads and accumulate stats and errors
  for (int t=nThreads-1; t>=0; t--) {
    if (t) pthread_join(threads[t].thread, NULL);
    TESTCHECK(threads[t].ret);
    if (t) {
      errors[0] += errors[t];
      bw[0] += bw[t];
      bw_count[0] += bw_count[t];
    }
  }

#ifdef MPI_SUPPORT
  MPI_Allreduce(MPI_IN_PLACE, &errors[0], 1, MPI_INT, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
#endif

  if (!parallel_init) {
    for(int i=0; i<nGpus*nThreads*ranksPerGpu; ++i)
      NCCLCHECK(ncclCommDestroy(comms[i]));
    free(comms);
  }

  for (int i=0; i<nGpus*nThreads*ranksPerGpu; i++) {
    HIPCHECK(hipStreamDestroy(streams[i]));
  }

  // Free off HIP allocated memory
  for (int i=0; i<nGpus*nThreads*ranksPerGpu; i++) {
    if (memorytype == ncclHost) {
      HIPCHECK(hipHostFree(sendbuffs[i]));
      HIPCHECK(hipHostFree(recvbuffs[i]));
      if (datacheck) HIPCHECK(hipHostFree(expected[i]));
    }
    else {
      HIPCHECK(hipFree(sendbuffs[i]));
      HIPCHECK(hipFree(recvbuffs[i]));
      if (datacheck) HIPCHECK(hipFree(expected[i]));
    }
  }
  HIPCHECK(hipHostFree(delta));

  char* str = getenv("NCCL_TESTS_MIN_BW");
  double check_avg_bw = str ? atof(str) : -1;
  bw[0] /= bw_count[0];

  if (datacheck) PRINT("# Errors with asterisks indicate errors that have exceeded the maximum threshold.\n");
  PRINT("# Out of bounds values : %d %s\n", errors[0], errors[0] ? "FAILED" : "OK");
  PRINT("# Avg bus bandwidth    : %g %s\n", bw[0], check_avg_bw == -1 ? "" : (bw[0] < check_avg_bw*(0.9) ? "FAILED" : "OK"));
  PRINT("#\n");
#ifdef MPI_SUPPORT
  MPI_Finalize();
#endif

  // 'hip-memcheck --leak-check full' requires this
  hipDeviceReset();

  if (errors[0] || bw[0] < check_avg_bw*(0.9))
    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
  else
    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}